Polyphosphate: A Multifunctional Metabolite in Cyanobacteria and Algae

Frontiers in Plant Science
Emanuel Sanz-LuqueArthur R Grossman

Abstract

Polyphosphate (polyP), a polymer of orthophosphate (PO43-) of varying lengths, has been identified in all kingdoms of life. It can serve as a source of chemical bond energy (phosphoanhydride bond) that may have been used by biological systems prior to the evolution of ATP. Intracellular polyP is mainly stored as granules in specific vacuoles called acidocalcisomes, and its synthesis and accumulation appear to impact a myriad of cellular functions. It serves as a reservoir for inorganic PO43- and an energy source for fueling cellular metabolism, participates in maintaining adenylate and metal cation homeostasis, functions as a scaffold for sequestering cations, exhibits chaperone function, covalently binds to proteins to modify their activity, and enables normal acclimation of cells to stress conditions. PolyP also appears to have a role in symbiotic and parasitic associations, and in higher eukaryotes, low polyP levels seem to impact cancerous proliferation, apoptosis, procoagulant and proinflammatory responses and cause defects in TOR signaling. In this review, we discuss the metabolism, storage, and function of polyP in photosynthetic microbes, which mostly includes research on green algae and cyanobacteria. We focus on facto...Continue Reading

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Citations

Nov 29, 2020·Environmental Pollution·M Hernández-GarnicaR Sánchez-Thomas
Apr 16, 2021·Chemistry & Biodiversity·Chenggang SongLanping Guo
Oct 2, 2021·The ISME Journal·Kyle Mason-JonesWim H van der Putten

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
transmission electron microscopy
fluorescence microscopy
X-ray

Software Mentioned

CLC Sequence Viewer

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