Population Genetic Structure and Potential Incursion Pathways of the Bluetongue Virus Vector Culicoides brevitarsis (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) in Australia

PloS One
W T TayL S Jermiin

Abstract

Culicoides brevitarsis is a vector of the bluetongue virus (BTV), which infects sheep and cattle. It is an invasive species in Australia with an assumed Asian/South East Asian origin. Using one mitochondrial marker (i.e., part of the cytochrome oxidase subunit I gene) and six nuclear markers, we inferred population genetic structure and possible incursion pathways for Australian C. brevitarsis. Nine mitochondrial haplotypes, with low nucleotide sequence diversity (0.0-0.7%) among these, were identified in a sample of 70 individuals from seven sites. Both sets of markers revealed a homogeneous population structure, albeit with evidence of isolation by distance and two genetically distinct clusters distributed along a north-to-south cline. No evidence of a cryptic species complex was found. The geographical distribution of the mitochondrial haplotypes is consistent with at least two incursion pathways into Australia since the arrival of suitable livestock hosts. By contrast, 15 mitochondrial haplotypes, with up to four times greater nucleotide sequence diversity (0.0-2.9%) among these, were identified in a sample of 16 individuals of the endemic C. marksi (sampled from a site in South Australia and another in New South Wales). A ...Continue Reading

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Datasets Mentioned

BETA
KJ162974
AB360980.1
AB360982.1
AB360983.1
AB360984.1
AB646613.1
AB360974.1
AB360975.1
AB360972.1
AB360997.1

Methods Mentioned

BETA
PCR
electrophoresis
Profiler

Software Mentioned

TRUCTURE
S TRUCTURE
MEGA
AMOVA
BLASTN
Al
Pregap4
TCS
FigTree
GENEPOP

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