Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Utilizes Viral Apoptotic Mimicry as an Alternative Pathway To Infect Host Cells

Journal of Virology
Xin WeiGaiping Zhang

Abstract

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS), caused by PRRS virus (PRRSV), has led to enormous economic losses in global swine industry. Infection by PRRSV is previously shown to be via low pH-dependent clathrin-mediated endocytosis, and CD163 functions as an essential receptor during viral infection. Despite much research focusing on it, PRRSV infection remains to be fully elucidated. In this study, we demonstrated that PRRSV externalized phosphatidylserine (PS) on the envelope as viral apoptotic mimicry and infected host cells through T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain (TIM)-induced and CD163-involved macropinocytosis as an alternative pathway. In detail, we identified that PS receptor TIM-1/4 recognized and interacted with PRRSV as viral apoptotic mimicry and subsequently induced macropinocytosis by the downstream Rho GTPases Rac1, cell division control protein 42 (Cdc42), and p21-activated kinase 1 (Pak1). Altogether, these results expand our knowledge of PRRSV infection, which will support implications for the prevention and control of PRRS.IMPORTANCE PRRS has caused huge economic losses to pig farming worldwide. Its causative agent, PRRSV, infects host cells through low pH-dependent clathrin-mediated endocyto...Continue Reading

References

Aug 19, 1975·Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta·P DanckerT Wieland
Nov 1, 1992·Biochemical Society Transactions·J H WalkerD A Waller
Mar 23, 1987·FEBS Letters·M CouéE D Korn
Aug 1, 1974·The Journal of Cell Biology·A F MirandaS W Tanenbaum
Apr 17, 1998·Veterinary Pathology·K D Rossow
May 29, 1998·The Journal of General Virology·E J Snijder, J J Meulenberg
Jul 10, 1999·Science·M Marsh, H T McMahon
Mar 7, 2003·Nature·Sean D Conner, Sandra L Schmid
Mar 15, 2003·Science·Aaron F StraightTimothy J Mitchison
Dec 4, 2003·Science·Ming O LiRichard A Flavell
May 26, 2005·Virology·Felipe Diaz-GrifferoJürgen Brojatsch
Feb 10, 2006·Journal of Cell Science·Karine Lindmo, Harald Stenmark
May 12, 2007·Journal of Virology·Jay G CalvertSiao-Kun W Welch
Sep 1, 2007·Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine·Arwyn Tomos Jones
Jun 13, 2008·Nature Protocols·Thomas D Schmittgen, Kenneth J Livak
Oct 16, 2008·BMC Cell Biology·Jet Phey LimPaul A Gleeson
Mar 26, 2009·Annual Review of Biochemistry·Gary J Doherty, Harvey T McMahon
May 1, 2009·Nature Cell Biology·Jason Mercer, Ari Helenius
Oct 14, 2009·Progress in Histochemistry and Cytochemistry·Vadim Zinchuk, Olga Grossenbacher-Zinchuk
Feb 17, 2010·The Journal of Cell Biology·Mirkka KoivusaloSergio Grinstein
Mar 4, 2010·Annual Review of Biochemistry·Jason MercerAri Helenius
Apr 23, 2010·The Journal of General Virology·Wander Van BreedamHans J Nauwynck
Sep 15, 2010·Virus Research·Mang ShiFrederick Chi-Ching Leung
Mar 23, 2011·Immunology and Cell Biology·Jet Phey Lim, Paul A Gleeson
May 4, 2011·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Andrew S KondratowiczWendy Maury
Dec 14, 2011·Journal of Virology·Masayuki ShimojimaYoshihiro Kawaoka
Jul 4, 2012·Current Opinion in Microbiology·Jason Mercer, Ari Helenius
Oct 23, 2012·Cell Host & Microbe·Laurent MeertensAli Amara
Feb 6, 2013·The Anatomical Record : Advances in Integrative Anatomy and Evolutionary Biology·Ellen C Jensen
May 24, 2013·Journal of Virology·Sven Moller-TankWendy Maury
Aug 14, 2013·The Journal of General Virology·Eric J SnijderYing Fang
Jun 4, 2014·Reviews in Medical Virology·Kai ZhengYifei Wang
Aug 3, 2014·Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology·Pascale Cossart, Ari Helenius
Oct 4, 2014·Virology·Sven Moller-Tank, Wendy Maury
Nov 2, 2014·Journal of Microscopy·V WiesmannT Wittenberg
Feb 11, 2015·Archives of Microbiology·Chongxu ShiJie Zhang

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Datasets Mentioned

BETA
KX766378.1
AF331831
KF001144

Methods Mentioned

BETA
GTPases
flow cytometry
dot blotting
Dot
PCR
electrophoresis
confocal microscopy
transfection
lavage

Software Mentioned

GraphPad Prism
ImageJ

Related Concepts

Related Feeds

Antivirals

Antivirals are medications that are used specifically for treating viral infections. Discover the latest research on antivirals here.

Antivirals (ASM)

Antivirals are medications that are used specifically for treating viral infections. Discover the latest research on antivirals here.