Positive behavioral contrast in 3-month-old infants on multiple conjugate reinforcement schedules

Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior
C K Rovee-Collier, J B Capatides

Abstract

Positive behavioral contrast was assessed in two experiments with young infants using multiple conjugate reinforcement schedules. Reinforcement was produced by footkicks which activated the objects of an overhead crib mobile in a manner proportional to the vigor and rate of responding. Distinctive color/pattern cues on the sides of the objects served as discriminative stimuli for components of the multiple schedule. In Experiment 1, infants were trained with one cue (S+) only before insertion of S+ into a multiple schedule with an extinction component. A control group received S+ throughout all sessions. In Experiment 2, a multiple schedule was introduced at the outset, and responses in both components were reinforced before the introduction of extinction in the second component. In a final phase, reinforcement was reintroduced into the second component. Positive behavioral contrast occurred in both experiments. Response reduction in the extinction component was seen only in individual relative response curves. In both experiments, negative emotional behaviors accompanied the extinction component, and in Experiment 1, cooing accompanied presentations of S+.

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Citations

Oct 19, 2004·Development and Psychopathology·Alison B Wismer Fries, Seth D Pollak
May 18, 2018·Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis·Megan A BoyleJoseph M Lambert
Jul 26, 2006·Psychological Inquiry·Nancy EisenbergTracy L Spinrad
Jul 8, 2015·Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior·Kenneth R MacAleeseJohn T Rapp
Jan 1, 1994·Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior·K A Lattal, B Metzger
Jul 1, 1992·Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior·D C Williams, J M Johnston
Mar 1, 1983·Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior·B A Williams
Jan 1, 1994·Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis·D A Hantula
Nov 1, 1990·Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior·G A Baxter, H Schlinger

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