Postcranial morphology of the middle Pleistocene humans from Sima de los Huesos, Spain

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Juan Luis ArsuagaE Carbonell

Abstract

Current knowledge of the evolution of the postcranial skeleton in the genus Homo is hampered by a geographically and chronologically scattered fossil record. Here we present a complete characterization of the postcranium of the middle Pleistocene paleodeme from the Sima de los Huesos (SH) and its paleobiological implications. The SH hominins show the following: (i) wide bodies, a plesiomorphic character in the genus Homo inherited from their early hominin ancestors; (ii) statures that can be found in modern human middle-latitude populations that first appeared 1.6-1.5 Mya; and (iii) large femoral heads in some individuals, a trait that first appeared during the middle Pleistocene in Africa and Europe. The intrapopulational size variation in SH shows that the level of dimorphism was similar to modern humans (MH), but the SH hominins were less encephalized than Neandertals. SH shares many postcranial anatomical features with Neandertals. Although most of these features appear to be either plesiomorphic retentions or are of uncertain phylogenetic polarity, a few represent Neandertal apomorphies. Nevertheless, the full suite of Neandertal-derived features is not yet present in the SH population. The postcranial evidence is consiste...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jan 26, 2016·American Journal of Physical Anthropology·Bernard Wood, Eve K Boyle
Jan 16, 2016·Journal of Human Evolution·Laura RodríguezJuan Luis Arsuaga
Mar 15, 2016·American Journal of Physical Anthropology·Miki Ben-DorRan Barkai
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Mar 27, 2018·American Journal of Physical Anthropology·Erik Trinkaus
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Feb 9, 2018·American Journal of Physical Anthropology·Hester HanegraefJosé María Bermúdez de Castro
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