Posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus development after germinal matrix hemorrhage: Established mechanisms and proposed pathways.

Journal of Neuroscience Research
Damon KlebeJohn H Zhang

Abstract

In addition to being the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in premature infants, germinal matrix hemorrhage (GMH) is also the leading cause of acquired infantile hydrocephalus. The pathophysiology of posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus (PHH) development after GMH is complex and vaguely understood, although evidence suggests fibrosis and gliosis in the periventricular and subarachnoid spaces disrupts normal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) dynamics. Theories explaining general hydrocephalus etiology have substantially evolved from the original bulk flow theory developed by Dr. Dandy over a century ago. Current clinical and experimental evidence supports a new hydrodynamic theory for hydrocephalus development involving redistribution of vascular pulsations and disruption of Starling forces in the brain microcirculation. In this review, we discuss CSF flow dynamics, history and development of theoretical hydrocephalus pathophysiology, and GMH epidemiology and etiology as it relates to PHH development. We highlight known mechanisms and propose new avenues that will further elucidate GMH pathophysiology, specifically related to hydrocephalus.

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Citations

Nov 14, 2019·Journal of Neuroscience Research·Jerome Badaut, John Zhang
May 10, 2020·Child's Nervous System : ChNS : Official Journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery·Ahmed El DamatyHeidi Baechli
Mar 7, 2020·Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology·Anita C TruttmannJulien Puyal
Jul 15, 2020·Child's Nervous System : ChNS : Official Journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery·Ahmed El DamatyHeidi Baechli
Nov 16, 2019·Fluids and Barriers of the CNS·Marta BatlloriRafael Artuch
Mar 31, 2020·Child's Nervous System : ChNS : Official Journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery·Ahmed El DamatyHenry W S Schroeder
Dec 19, 2020·Translational Neuroscience·Chaohong ZhanJingping Liu
May 21, 2021·Child's Nervous System : ChNS : Official Journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery·Paolo FrassanitoGianpiero Tamburrini
Jun 25, 2021·Child's Nervous System : ChNS : Official Journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery·Stephanie M RobertKristopher T Kahle

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