Postherpes simplex encephalitis: a case series of viral-triggered autoimmunity, synaptic autoantibodies and response to therapy

Therapeutic Advances in Neurological Disorders
Harry AlexopoulosMarinos C Dalakas

Abstract

Recent evidence suggests that patients with herpes simplex virus (HSV) encephalitis may relapse because of autoimmunity against the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR). We present a case series of post-HSV relapsing encephalopathy associated with antibodies to central nervous system (CNS) synaptic antigens. Sera and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from five patients with HSV encephalitis who relapsed after antiviral therapy were tested for anti-NMDAR, gamma-aminobutyric acid b receptor (GABAbR), α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (AMPAR), Leucine-rich, glioma inactivated 1 (LGI1), anti -contactin-associated protein-like 2 (CASPR2) and dipeptidyl-peptidase-like protein-6 (DDPX) antibodies using cell-based assays. Five patients (two infants, one child and two adults) developed post-HSV autoimmune encephalitis. The infants, aged 9 months and 10 months, after prompt and seemingly successful anti-HSV therapy, were readmitted with typical signs of NMDAR-encephalitis evolving within days, with NMDAR antibodies detected in both serum and CSF. Although they were promptly treated with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) and with IVIg followed by rituximab, respectively, they were both left with psychomotor deficits. ...Continue Reading

References

Mar 9, 2011·Journal of Neurology·Harry AlexopoulosMarinos C Dalakas
Jan 3, 2013·Annals of Neurology·Harald PrüssKlaus-Peter Wandinger
Nov 14, 2014·Brain : a Journal of Neurology·Jesús PlanagumàJosep Dalmau
Sep 17, 2015·Brain : a Journal of Neurology·Sukhvir WrightA Louise Upton
Oct 23, 2015·Neurology·Thaís ArmangueUNKNOWN Spanish Prospective Multicentric Study of Autoimmunity in Herpes Simplex Encephalitis
Feb 26, 2016·Lancet Neurology·Francesc GrausJosep Dalmau
Mar 16, 2016·Neurology. Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation·Müjgan Dogan OnugorenChristian G Bien
Apr 24, 2016·Neurotherapeutics : the Journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics·Michael J Bradshaw, Arun Venkatesan
Feb 25, 2017·Current Opinion in Neurology·Harald Prüss

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Apr 18, 2019·Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps·Daniel Cameron ThompsonS Jacob
Oct 1, 2019·The Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences. Le Journal Canadien Des Sciences Neurologiques·John BrooksGregory S Day
Mar 3, 2020·The International Journal of Neuroscience·Ya ChenPing Xu
Sep 19, 2020·Therapeutic Advances in Neurological Disorders·Kyle M Blackburn, Cynthia Wang
Aug 14, 2019·Frontiers in Neurology·Tetyana Blinder, Jan Lewerenz
Jul 9, 2020·Therapeutic Advances in Neurological Disorders·Alberto VogrigJérôme Honnorat
Dec 17, 2020·Neurological Research and Practice·C G Bien, C I Bien
Jul 10, 2021·Clinical Infectious Diseases : an Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America·Michael A Hansen, Rodrigo Hasbun
Dec 20, 2018·Lancet Neurology·Israel Steiner, Erich Schmutzhard

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Methods Mentioned

BETA
PCR
ELISA

Related Concepts

Related Feeds

Anti-N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Encephalitis

Anti-N-Methyl-D-Aspartate (NMDA) receptor encephalitis is a form of of brain inflammation due to antibodies against NMDA receptors. Discover the latest research on anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis here.

Antivirals

Antivirals are medications that are used specifically for treating viral infections. Discover the latest research on antivirals here.

CSF & Lymphatic System

This feed focuses on Cerebral Spinal Fluid (CSF) and the lymphatic system. Discover the latest papers using imaging techniques to track CSF outflow into the lymphatic system in animal models.

Autoimmune Diseases

Autoimmune diseases occur as a result of an attack by the immune system on the body’s own tissues resulting in damage and dysfunction. There are different types of autoimmune diseases, in which there is a complex and unknown interaction between genetics and the environment. Discover the latest research on autoimmune diseases here.

Antivirals (ASM)

Antivirals are medications that are used specifically for treating viral infections. Discover the latest research on antivirals here.

© 2022 Meta ULC. All rights reserved