Abstract
This review summarizes the increasing public health concern about PTSD and suicide, and the population-based studies that have examined this association. Further, we discuss methodological issues that provide important context for the examination of this association. The majority of epidemiologic studies have shown that PTSD is associated with an increased risk of suicide; however, a notable minority of studies have documented a decreased risk of suicide among persons with PTSD. Methodological (e.g., sample size and misclassification) and etiologic issues (e.g., complicated psychiatric comorbidity) may explain the conflicting evidence. PTSD may be associated with an increased risk of suicide, but further research is needed. Increasing the use of appropriate methods (e.g., marginal structural models that can evaluate both confounding and effect modification, machine learning methods, quantification of systematic error) will strengthen the evidence base and advance our understanding.
References
Nov 1, 1994·The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease·T A Bullman, H K Kang
Aug 3, 2004·The American Journal of Psychiatry·Meaghan L O'DonnellPhillipa Pattison
Jul 18, 2006·Social Science & Medicine·Ian R H RockettJeffrey H Coben
Nov 1, 2007·American Journal of Public Health·Kara ZivinMarcia Valenstein
Aug 30, 2008·Military Medicine·Rani A DesaiRobert A Rosenheck
Mar 19, 2009·JAMA : the Journal of the American Medical Association·Bridget M Kuehn
Jun 23, 2009·Clinical Psychology Review·Maria PanagiotiNicholas Tarrier
Jan 30, 2010·Archives of Suicide Research : Official Journal of the International Academy for Suicide Research·Karolina Krysinska, David Lester
Feb 18, 2010·American Journal of Epidemiology·Jaimie L GradusTimothy L Lash
Nov 3, 2010·Archives of General Psychiatry·Mark A IlgenFrederic C Blow
Dec 8, 2010·Crisis·Ian R H Rockett
Mar 7, 2012·American Journal of Public Health·Jeffrey HymanLinda Cottrell
Mar 7, 2012·American Journal of Public Health·A Kathryn Power, Richard McKeon
Mar 9, 2012·Injury Prevention : Journal of the International Society for Child and Adolescent Injury Prevention·Kathleen E BachynskiBruce H Jones
May 2, 2012·Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology·Mark A IlgenIra R Katz
Oct 24, 2012·Journal of Abnormal Psychology·Kenneth R ConnerMark A Ilgen
Aug 9, 2013·JAMA : the Journal of the American Medical Association·Cynthia A LeardMannCharles W Hoge
Jul 12, 2014·Journal of Affective Disorders·Kenneth R ConnerIra R Katz
Mar 11, 2015·Epidemiology·Stephen J MooneyAbdulrahman M El-Sayed
Apr 2, 2015·JAMA Psychiatry·Mark A RegerGregory A Gahm
Aug 6, 2015·American Journal of Epidemiology·Jaimie L GradusJens Georg Hansen
Sep 23, 2016·BMC Gastroenterology·Kaelan J YaoRebecca A Moss
Oct 31, 2016·The Lancet. Psychiatry·Yu-Chu ShenThomas V Williams
Apr 13, 2017·Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology·Peter C BrittonWilfred R Pigeon
May 13, 2017·Clinical Epidemiology·Jaimie L Gradus
Jun 22, 2018·Suicide & Life-threatening Behavior·Tim BullmanJaimie L Gradus
Citations
Oct 24, 2019·JAMA Psychiatry·Jaimie L GradusHenrik T Sørensen
Aug 20, 2020·Brain Injury : [BI]·Lauren B FisherRoss D Zafonte
Mar 27, 2020·Frontiers in Psychiatry·Franziska C WeberThomas C Wetter
Nov 1, 2020·Journal of Traumatic Stress·Rachel C BlainKathleen M Chard
Dec 9, 2020·JAMA Network Open·Alba Vilaplana-PérezLorena Fernández de la Cruz
Nov 20, 2020·Diagnostics·Azam NaghaviMiguel Ángel Mañanas
May 29, 2021·Journal of Traumatic Stress·Amy E StreetJaimie L Gradus
Jun 19, 2021·Journal of Affective Disorders·David C RozekCraig J Bryan
Dec 10, 2021·Journal of Traumatic Stress·Kelsi F Rugo-CookCraig J Bryan