Potential effects of fat mass and fat-free mass on energy intake in different states of energy balance

European Journal of Clinical Nutrition
R James StubbsJohn Blundell

Abstract

Recently models have attempted to integrate the functional relationships of fat mass (FM) and fat-free mass (FFM) with the control of human energy intake (EI). Cross-sectional evidence suggests that at or close to EB, FFM is positively related to hunger and EI, whereas FM either shows a weak negative or no association with ad libitum EI. Further analysis suggests that the effects of FFM and FM on EI may be mediated by resting metabolic rate (RMR). These studies suggest that energy turnover is associated with EI and the largest determinant of energy requirements in most humans is FFM. During chronic positive EBs both FM and FFM expand (but disproportionately so), increasing energy demands. There is little evidence that an expanding FM exerts strong negative feedback on longer term EI. However, during chronic negative EBs FM, FFM and RMR all decrease but appetite increases. Some studies suggest that proportionate loss of FFM during weight loss predicts subsequent weight regain. Taken together these lines of evidence suggest that changes in the size and functional integrity of FFM may influence appetite and EI. Increases in FFM associated with either weight gain or high levels of exercise may 'pull' EI upwards but energy deficits ...Continue Reading

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Citations

Oct 12, 2018·Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise·Robert M GiffordDavid R Woods
Jun 11, 2020·The Proceedings of the Nutrition Society·Helen TrubyCatia Martins
Jul 8, 2020·Annual Review of Nutrition·Johanne Le BeyecMaude Le Gall
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Sep 7, 2018·European Journal of Clinical Nutrition·John Blundell
Feb 20, 2019·The Proceedings of the Nutrition Society·Nuno CasanovaMark Hopkins
Nov 2, 2019·The Proceedings of the Nutrition Society·R James StubbsJoanna Michalowska
Oct 17, 2019·Health Care for Women International·Young-Shin LeeMel Hovell
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Apr 16, 2019·Frontiers in Physiology·Claire LaurensAudrey Bergouignan
Nov 13, 2020·Breastfeeding Medicine : the Official Journal of the Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine·Elizabeth Guzmán-MercadoPaula Lizeth Meza Arreola
Feb 3, 2021·Obesity Reviews : an Official Journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity·R James Stubbs, Jake Turicchi
Feb 3, 2021·Nature Medicine·R James Stubbs
Jun 17, 2020·Nutrition·Geir BjørklundDaniel-Ovidiu Costea
May 13, 2021·Obesity Reviews : an Official Journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity·Andrew GrannellCarel le Roux
Jun 18, 2021·Clinical Nutrition : Official Journal of the European Society of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition·Amelia BrunaniRaffaella Cancello
Mar 5, 2021·Obesity Facts·R James StubbsUNKNOWN The EASO Obesity Management Task Force
Apr 30, 2021·Obesity Facts·R James StubbsBerit Lilienthal Heitmann

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