Potential of Extracellular Vesicles in Neurodegenerative Diseases: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Indications
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-bound vesicles, including exosomes and microvesicles. EVs are nanometer sized, found in physiological fluids such as urine, blood, cerebro-spinal fluid (CSF), with a capacity of transferring various biological materials such as microRNAs, proteins, and lipids among cells without direct cell-to-cell contact. Many cells in the nervous system have been shown to release EVs. These vesicles are involved in intercellular communication and a variety of biological processes such as modulation of immune response, signal transduction, and transport of genetic materials with low immunogenicity; therefore, they have also been recently investigated for the delivery of therapeutic molecules such as siRNAs and drugs in the treatment of diseases. In addition, since EV components reflect the physiological status of the cells and tissues producing them, they can be utilized as biomarkers for early detection of various diseases. In this review, we summarize EV application, in diagnosis as biomarker sources and as a carrier tool for drug delivery in EV-based therapies in neurodegenerative diseases.
References
An unconventional role for miRNA: let-7 activates Toll-like receptor 7 and causes neurodegeneration.
Neuronal exosomal miRNA-dependent translational regulation of astroglial glutamate transporter GLT1.
Extracellular vesicles as modulators of cell-to-cell communication in the healthy and diseased brain
Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes from different sources selectively promote neuritic outgrowth
Citations
Neuronal-derived extracellular vesicles are enriched in the brain and serum of HIV-1 transgenic rats
Methods Mentioned
Related Concepts
Related Feeds
CSF & Lymphatic System
This feed focuses on Cerebral Spinal Fluid (CSF) and the lymphatic system. Discover the latest papers using imaging techniques to track CSF outflow into the lymphatic system in animal models.
Amyloid Lateral Sclerosis
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive nervous system disease associated with the death of neurons that control voluntary muscles. Discover the latest research on ALS here.