Potential of Radiation-Induced Cellular Stress for Reactivation of Latent HIV-1 and Killing of Infected Cells

AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses
Sergey Iordanskiy, Fatah Kashanchi

Abstract

The use of highly active antiretroviral therapy against HIV-1 for last two decades has reduced mortality of patients through extension of nonsymptomatic phase of infection. However, HIV-1 can be preserved in long-lived resting CD4(+) T cells, which form a viral reservoir in infected individuals, and potentially in macrophages and astrocytes. Reactivation of viral replication is critical since the host immune response in combination with antiretroviral therapy may eradicate the virus (shock and kill strategy). In this opinion piece, we consider potential application of therapeutic doses of irradiation, the well-known and effective stress signal that induces DNA damage and activates cellular stress response, to resolve two problems: activate HIV-1 replication and virion production in persistent reservoirs under cART and deplete infected cells through selective cell killing using DNA damage responses.

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Citations

Oct 7, 2016·Folia Microbiologica·Zora MelkovaJosef Bodor
May 26, 2017·The Journal of Biological Chemistry·Robert A BarclayFatah Kashanchi
May 18, 2018·Scientific Reports·Catherine DeMarinoFatah Kashanchi
Oct 18, 2019·Frontiers in Microbiology·Daniel O PintoFatah Kashanchi
Nov 1, 2016·Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets·Andrew P Rice

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