Potential population level impact on tuberculosis incidence of using an mRNA expression signature correlate-of-risk test to target tuberculosis preventive therapy

Scientific Reports
Tom SumnerRichard G White

Abstract

Achieving the WHO End-Tuberculosis (TB) targets requires approaches to prevent progression to TB among individuals with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) infection. Effective preventive therapy (PT) exists, but current tests have low specificity for identifying who, among those infected, is at risk of developing TB. Using mathematical models, we assessed the potential population-level impact on TB incidence of using a new more specific mRNA expression signature (COR) to target PT among HIV-uninfected adults in South Africa. We compared the results to the use of the existing interferon-γ release assay (IGRA). With annual screening coverage of 30% COR-targeted PT could reduce TB incidence in 2035 by 20% (95% CI 15-27). With the same coverage, IGRA-targeted PT could reduce TB incidence by 39% (31-48) but would require greater use of PT resulting in a higher number needed to treat per TB case averted (COR: 49 (29-77); IGRA: 84 (59-123)). The relative differences between COR and IGRA were not sensitive to screening coverage. COR-targeted PT could contribute to reducing total TB burden in high incidence countries like South Africa by allowing more efficient targeting of treatment. To maximise impact, COR-like tests may be best utilis...Continue Reading

References

May 18, 2006·Emerging Infectious Diseases·Maria Elvira BalcellsAlison D Grant
Dec 14, 2011·The New England Journal of Medicine·Timothy R SterlingUNKNOWN TB Trials Consortium PREVENT TB Study Team
Dec 19, 2012·Annual Review of Public Health·Christopher DyeMario Raviglione
Feb 27, 2013·The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews·Karen R SteingartNandini Dendukuri
Apr 12, 2013·Science Translational Medicine·Harriet L MillsCaroline Colijn
Apr 8, 2014·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Rein M G J HoubenRichard G White
Sep 13, 2014·South African Medical Journal = Suid-Afrikaanse Tydskrif Vir Geneeskunde·Gavin J ChurchyardHaileyesus Getahun
Dec 4, 2015·Nature·Nimalan Arinaminpathy, David Dowdy
Mar 28, 2016·Lancet·Daniel E ZakUNKNOWN ACS and GC6-74 cohort study groups
May 18, 2016·BMC Infectious Diseases·Andreas SandgrenMarieke J van der Werf
Jan 24, 2017·South African Medical Journal = Suid-Afrikaanse Tydskrif Vir Geneeskunde·A Penn-NicholsonT Sumner
Apr 7, 2018·American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine·Sara SulimanUNKNOWN GC6-74 cohort study team, The ACS cohort study team

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Jan 18, 2020·The European Respiratory Journal·Hanif EsmailDelia Goletti
Sep 30, 2020·Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics·Yashpal Singh MalikKuldeep Dhama
Jun 17, 2020·Frontiers in Immunology·Caleb N Muefong, Jayne S Sutherland
Jan 29, 2021·The Lancet Infectious Diseases·Thomas J ScribaUNKNOWN CORTIS-01 Study Team
Mar 16, 2021·International Journal of Infectious Diseases : IJID : Official Publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases·Jeremiah ChakayaAlimuddin Zumla
Sep 28, 2021·PLoS Computational Biology·Lara GoscéIbrahim Abubakar

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Clinical Trials Mentioned

NCT02735590

Software Mentioned

R
IGRA
rriskdistributions
Xpert

Related Concepts

Trending Feeds

COVID-19

Coronaviruses encompass a large family of viruses that cause the common cold as well as more serious diseases, such as the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; formally known as 2019-nCoV). Coronaviruses can spread from animals to humans; symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties; in more severe cases, infection can lead to death. This feed covers recent research on COVID-19.

Blastomycosis

Blastomycosis fungal infections spread through inhaling Blastomyces dermatitidis spores. Discover the latest research on blastomycosis fungal infections here.

Nuclear Pore Complex in ALS/FTD

Alterations in nucleocytoplasmic transport, controlled by the nuclear pore complex, may be involved in the pathomechanism underlying multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Here is the latest research on the nuclear pore complex in ALS and FTD.

Applications of Molecular Barcoding

The concept of molecular barcoding is that each original DNA or RNA molecule is attached to a unique sequence barcode. Sequence reads having different barcodes represent different original molecules, while sequence reads having the same barcode are results of PCR duplication from one original molecule. Discover the latest research on molecular barcoding here.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a disease characterized by unexplained disabling fatigue; the pathology of which is incompletely understood. Discover the latest research on chronic fatigue syndrome here.

Evolution of Pluripotency

Pluripotency refers to the ability of a cell to develop into three primary germ cell layers of the embryo. This feed focuses on the mechanisms that underlie the evolution of pluripotency. Here is the latest research.

Position Effect Variegation

Position Effect Variagation occurs when a gene is inactivated due to its positioning near heterochromatic regions within a chromosome. Discover the latest research on Position Effect Variagation here.

STING Receptor Agonists

Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) are a group of transmembrane proteins that are involved in the induction of type I interferon that is important in the innate immune response. The stimulation of STING has been an active area of research in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Here is the latest research on STING receptor agonists.

Microbicide

Microbicides are products that can be applied to vaginal or rectal mucosal surfaces with the goal of preventing, or at least significantly reducing, the transmission of sexually transmitted infections. Here is the latest research on microbicides.