Potential therapeutic molecular targets for blood-brain barrier disruption after subarachnoid hemorrhage

Neural Regeneration Research
Hideki Kanamaru, Hidenori Suzuki

Abstract

Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage remains serious hemorrhagic stroke with high morbidities and mortalities. Aneurysm rupture causes arterial bleeding-induced mechanical brain tissue injuries and elevated intracranial pressure, followed by global cerebral ischemia. Post-subarachnoid hemorrhage ischemia, tissue injuries as well as extravasated blood components and the breakdown products activate microglia, astrocytes and Toll-like receptor 4, and disrupt blood-brain barrier associated with the induction of many inflammatory and other cascades. Once blood-brain barrier is disrupted, brain tissues are directly exposed to harmful blood contents and immune cells, which aggravate brain injuries furthermore. Blood-brain barrier disruption after subarachnoid hemorrhage may be developed by a variety of mechanisms including endothelial cell apoptosis and disruption of tight junction proteins. Many molecules and pathways have been reported to disrupt the blood-brain barrier after subarachnoid hemorrhage, but the exact mechanisms remain unclear. Multiple independent and/or interconnected signaling pathways may be involved in blood-brain barrier disruption after subarachnoid hemorrhage. This review provides recent understandings of the mech...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jan 22, 2020·Neural Regeneration Research·Da-Qiang KeHui Liang
Apr 5, 2020·Neural Regeneration Research·Ye XiongZhen Wang
Apr 17, 2020·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Sajjad MuhammadDaniel Hänggi
Jan 22, 2020·Neural Regeneration Research·Xi LuZhi-Yi He
Nov 30, 2020·Experimental Neurology· Zeyu Zhang Sheng Chen
Feb 9, 2021·Frontiers in Immunology·Takeshi Okada, Hidenori Suzuki
Apr 9, 2021·Neurotherapeutics : the Journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics·Hideki KanamaruHidenori Suzuki
Apr 8, 2021·Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy·Tatsuya Maruhashi, Yukihito Higashi
Jun 21, 2021·Pharmacological Research : the Official Journal of the Italian Pharmacological Society·Chengdi LiuGuanhua Du

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
nuclear translocation

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