Potential transmission pathways of clinically relevant fungi in indoor swimming pool facilities

International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health
Yuli EkowatiFranciska M Schets

Abstract

Possible transmission pathways of fungi in indoor swimming pool facilities were assessed through fungal counting in different areas of the facilities and typing of the collected fungal isolates. Air, water and surface samples were collected from seven different indoor swimming pool facilities. Fungal species were identified based on their internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences. Maximum fungal concentrations of 6.2 CFU/cm2, 1.39 CFU/100 mL, and 202 CFU/m³ were found on surfaces, in water and air, respectively. In total, 458 isolates were obtained, belonging to 111 fungal species, of which 50 species were clinically relevant. Phialophora oxyspora (13.3%) and Trichosporon dohaense (5.0%) were the most frequently isolated species and were merely detected on floors, as were the dermatophytes, Trichophyton interdigitale and T. rubrum. Penicillium spp. and Aspergillus spp. were the dominant fungi in water and air. No typical patterns of fungal concentrations along the preferential pathways of pool visitors were observed, however, sites where pool visitors converge while moving from one room (e.g. dressing room) to another (e.g. shower room) and walking barefoot displayed the highest fungal concentrations thus posing the highest r...Continue Reading

Citations

Jan 10, 2019·Microorganisms·Malcolm Richardson, Riina Rautemaa-Richardson
Apr 3, 2020·Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy·Arunaloke Chakrabarti, Shreya Singh
Jul 10, 2019·Journal of Fungi·Brendan R JacksonTom Chiller
Oct 23, 2020·PLoS Pathogens·Han DuGuanghua Huang
Dec 15, 2020·Journal of Environmental Health Science & Engineering·Zeynab TabatabaeiMohammad Hoseini
Feb 19, 2021·Journal of Medical Microbiology·Arunaloke Chakrabarti, Prashant Sood

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