Potentiation of antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation by inorganic salts

Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy
Michael R Hamblin

Abstract

Antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation (aPDI) involves the use of non-toxic dyes excited with visible light to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) that can destroy all classes of microorganisms including bacteria, fungi, parasites, and viruses. Selectivity of killing microbes over host mammalian cells allows this approach (antimicrobial photodynamic therapy, aPDT) to be used in vivo as an alternative therapeutic approach for localized infections especially those that are drug-resistant. Areas covered: We have discovered that aPDI can be potentiated (up to 6 logs of extra killing) by the addition of simple inorganic salts. The most powerful and versatile salt is potassium iodide, but potassium bromide, sodium thiocyanate, sodium azide and sodium nitrite also show potentiation. The mechanism of potentiation with iodide is likely to be singlet oxygen addition to iodide to form iodine radicals, hydrogen peroxide and molecular iodine. Another mechanism involves two-electron oxidation of iodide/bromide to form hypohalites. A third mechanism involves a one-electron oxidation of azide anion to form azide radical. Expert commentary: The addition of iodide has been shown to improve the performance of aPDT in several animal models of l...Continue Reading

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Citations

May 12, 2018·Critical Reviews in Microbiology·Fabian CieplikTim Maisch
Dec 6, 2018·Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy·Michael R Hamblin
Dec 12, 2018·Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences : Official Journal of the European Photochemistry Association and the European Society for Photobiology·Ying-Ying HuangMichael R Hamblin
Aug 3, 2018·Drug Development Research·Michael R Hamblin, Heidi Abrahamse
Aug 10, 2019·Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences : Official Journal of the European Photochemistry Association and the European Society for Photobiology·Arno WieheMathias O Senge
Jul 3, 2020·Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences : Official Journal of the European Photochemistry Association and the European Society for Photobiology·Kelly A D F CastroGilberto Ú L Braga
Jul 17, 2019·AAPS PharmSciTech·Giovana Maria Fioramonti CalixtoCarla Raquel Fontana
Sep 24, 2019·Future Medicinal Chemistry·Michael R Hamblin, Heidi Abrahamse
Feb 7, 2020·Antibiotics·Michael R Hamblin, Heidi Abrahamse
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Apr 27, 2020·Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy·Márcia BrazAdelaide Almeida
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Mar 16, 2021·Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences : Official Journal of the European Photochemistry Association and the European Society for Photobiology·Maximiliano L AgazziEdgardo N Durantini
Apr 25, 2021·Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy·Maha FadelSarah Salah Thabet
Apr 27, 2021·Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy·Meixia DuLiyi Huang
Jul 31, 2021·Journal of Materials Chemistry. B, Materials for Biology and Medicine·Carlos GarinAntonio Rezusta

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