Practical implications for genetic modeling in the genomics era

Journal of Dairy Science
P M VanRaden

Abstract

Genetic models convert data into estimated breeding values and other information useful to breeders. The goal is to provide accurate and timely predictions of the future performance for each animal (or embryo). Modeling involves defining traits, editing raw data, removing environmental effects, including genetic by environmental interactions and correlations among traits, and accounting for nonadditive inheritance or nonnormal distributions. Data include phenotypes and pedigrees during the last century and genotypes within the last decade. The genomic data can include single nucleotide polymorphisms, quantitative trait loci, insertions, deletions, and haplotypes. Subsets must be selected to reduce computation because total numbers of variants that can be imputed have increased rapidly from thousands to millions. Current computation using 60,671 markers takes just a few days. Nonlinear models can account for the nonnormal distribution of genomic effects, but reliability is usually better than that of linear models only for traits influenced by major genes. Numbers of genotyped animals have also increased rapidly in the joint North American database from a few thousand in 2009 to over 1 million in 2015. Most are young females and...Continue Reading

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May 30, 2019·Frontiers in Genetics·Jicai JiangYang Da

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