Abstract
Melioidosis, a potentially fatal disease of humans and animals, is caused by the gram-negative bacterium, Burkholderia pseudomallei. There is no approved vaccine or effective prophylaxis. Given its potential as a bioterrorism agent and a cause of serious laboratory-acquired infection, we studied the efficacy of pre- and post-exposure oral antibiotic prophylaxis in BALB/c mice infected with aerosolized B. pseudomallei through the inhalational route. Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, doxycycline or co-trimoxazole was administered 48 h before infection as pre-exposure prophylaxis, orally, twice daily and continued up to 10 days post-challenge. In the post-exposure prophylaxis regimen, the oral antibiotics were administered twice daily, at 0, 10, 24 and 48 h and continued for 10 days. Survival of all animals was observed until 21 days. All infected control animals developed infection between 24 and 48 h, and died within 5 days. Animals receiving amoxicillin/clavulanic acid as pre-exposure prophylaxis succumbed to the disease at day 7, whereas those in the co-trimoxazole and doxycycline groups had survival rate of 100% and 80%, respectively, at day 21. As post-exposure prophylaxis, all antibiotics were not effective when treatment was in...Continue Reading
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