Pre-introductory clinical trials of Norplant implants: a comparison of seventeen countries' experience

Contraception
G S GrubbN G Anderson

Abstract

This report summarizes the data collected in pre-introductory Norplant implants clinical trials in 17 countries in Latin America, Asia and Africa that were coordinated by either the Population Council or Family Health International (FHI) between 1984 and 1991. A total of 16,282 women between the ages of 18 and 40 years participated in the studies with semi-annual or annual follow-up visits for up to 5 years. Gross cumulative pregnancy rates were < 0.6 per 100 women in the first year and < 1.5 in the second year in all countries. Significant differences in cumulative 5-year pregnancy rates were observed between weight groups 40-49 and 50-59 kg and between 50-59 and 60-69 kg body weight but not between 60-69 kg and those > or = 70 kg. Total cumulative discontinuation rates after five years of Norplant implants use ranged from 35.8 to 60.0 per 100 women. Younger age and low parity were associated with a higher discontinuation rate. Cumulative discontinuation rates for menstrual reasons more than doubled between the end of the first year and second year of use in 13 of 17 countries. This analysis and one previous review provide the only comparison of Norplant contraceptive system study results across a wide diversity of countries; ...Continue Reading

References

Jan 1, 1990·Contraception·S L Klavon, G S Grubb
Nov 1, 1980·Contraception·K FotherbyM Mathrubutham

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Oct 12, 2000·Contraception·A S SagayM A Muazu
Feb 28, 2002·Contraception·Irving Sivin, Alfred Moo-Young
Mar 30, 1999·Contraception·J Huber, R Wenzl
Aug 29, 1998·Obstetrics and Gynecology·I SivinM Christ
Oct 20, 2009·Contraception·Jeanette R ChinLori A Bastian
May 3, 2007·Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics of North America·Stephanie B Teal, David M Ginosar
Oct 18, 2013·Gynecological Endocrinology : the Official Journal of the International Society of Gynecological Endocrinology·Costantino Di CarloGiuseppe Bifulco
Jun 21, 2005·Contraception·David A Grimes, Wayne C Shields
Aug 19, 2016·The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews·Laureen M LopezFrans M Helmerhorst
Dec 31, 2004·Obstetrics and Gynecology·Victoria L HoltJanet R Daling
Aug 16, 2000·The European Journal of Contraception & Reproductive Health Care : the Official Journal of the European Society of Contraception·N RehanI Chaudhary

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Trending Feeds

COVID-19

Coronaviruses encompass a large family of viruses that cause the common cold as well as more serious diseases, such as the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; formally known as 2019-nCoV). Coronaviruses can spread from animals to humans; symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties; in more severe cases, infection can lead to death. This feed covers recent research on COVID-19.

Blastomycosis

Blastomycosis fungal infections spread through inhaling Blastomyces dermatitidis spores. Discover the latest research on blastomycosis fungal infections here.

Nuclear Pore Complex in ALS/FTD

Alterations in nucleocytoplasmic transport, controlled by the nuclear pore complex, may be involved in the pathomechanism underlying multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Here is the latest research on the nuclear pore complex in ALS and FTD.

Applications of Molecular Barcoding

The concept of molecular barcoding is that each original DNA or RNA molecule is attached to a unique sequence barcode. Sequence reads having different barcodes represent different original molecules, while sequence reads having the same barcode are results of PCR duplication from one original molecule. Discover the latest research on molecular barcoding here.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a disease characterized by unexplained disabling fatigue; the pathology of which is incompletely understood. Discover the latest research on chronic fatigue syndrome here.

Evolution of Pluripotency

Pluripotency refers to the ability of a cell to develop into three primary germ cell layers of the embryo. This feed focuses on the mechanisms that underlie the evolution of pluripotency. Here is the latest research.

Position Effect Variegation

Position Effect Variagation occurs when a gene is inactivated due to its positioning near heterochromatic regions within a chromosome. Discover the latest research on Position Effect Variagation here.

STING Receptor Agonists

Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) are a group of transmembrane proteins that are involved in the induction of type I interferon that is important in the innate immune response. The stimulation of STING has been an active area of research in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Here is the latest research on STING receptor agonists.

Microbicide

Microbicides are products that can be applied to vaginal or rectal mucosal surfaces with the goal of preventing, or at least significantly reducing, the transmission of sexually transmitted infections. Here is the latest research on microbicides.