Preconditioning methods and mechanisms for preventing the risk of decompression sickness in scuba divers: a review

Research in Sports Medicine
Emmanuel Gempp, Jean-Eric Blatteau

Abstract

Scuba divers are at risk of decompression sickness due to the excessive formation of gas bubbles in blood and tissues following ascent, with potentially subsequent neurological injuries. Since nonprovocative dive profiles are no guarantor of protection against this disease, novel means are required for its prevention including predive procedures that could induce more resistance to decompression stress. In this article, we review the recent studies describing the promising preconditioning methods that might operate on the attenuation of bubble formation believed to reduce the occurrence of decompression sickness. The main practical applications are simple and feasible predive measures such as endurance exercise in a warm environment, oral hydration, and normobaric oxygen breathing. Rheological changes affecting tissue perfusion, endothelial adaptation with nitric oxide pathway, up-regulation of cytoprotective proteins, and reduction of preexisting gas nuclei from which bubbles grow could be involved in this protective effect.

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Apr 13, 2013·PloS One·Jean-Eric BlatteauNicolas Vallée
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Jul 25, 2021·International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health·Kil-Hyung HanJung-Min Park

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
infrared-ray
KISS
environmental stress
rheology

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