Predator-prey distance and latency to flee from an immobile predator: functional relationship and importance

Current Zoology
William E Cooper, José Martín

Abstract

When an immobile prey has detected an immobile predator nearby, predation risk is greater when the predator is closer. Consequently, prey flee with shorter latency as standing distance (predator-prey distance when both are still) decreases. Since it was first reported in 2009, this relationship has been confirmed in the few species studied. However, little is known about the functional relationship between standing distance and latency to flee (LF). We hypothesized that LF increases as standing distance increases at short distances, but reaches a plateau at longer distances where prey can escape reliably if attacked. We simulated immobile predators by moving slowly into positions near striped plateau lizardsSceloporus virgatus, stopping and then remaining immobile, and recording LF from the stopping time. LF increased from shorter to longer standing distances in a decelerating manner. The relationship was concave downward, and LF was indistinguishable among the longer standing distance groups. Latency to flee appears to reach a plateau or approach an asymptotic value as standing distance increases. The effect size of standing distance was large, indicating thatS. virgatussensitively adjusts LF to the level of risk associated wi...Continue Reading

References

Dec 11, 2003·Psychological Methods·Robert Rosenthal, Donald B Rubin
Dec 3, 2005·Proceedings. Biological Sciences·Theodore Stankowich, Daniel T Blumstein
Sep 5, 2006·Journal of Theoretical Biology·William E Cooper, William G Frederick
Feb 22, 2013·Biology Letters·Diogo S M SamiaDaniel T Blumstein

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