Predictable modulation of cancer treatment outcomes by the gut microbiota

Microbiome
Yoshitaro HeshikiGianni Panagiotou

Abstract

The gut microbiota has the potential to influence the efficacy of cancer therapy. Here, we investigated the contribution of the intestinal microbiome on treatment outcomes in a heterogeneous cohort that included multiple cancer types to identify microbes with a global impact on immune response. Human gut metagenomic analysis revealed that responder patients had significantly higher microbial diversity and different microbiota compositions compared to non-responders. A machine-learning model was developed and validated in an independent cohort to predict treatment outcomes based on gut microbiota composition and functional repertoires of responders and non-responders. Specific species, Bacteroides ovatus and Bacteroides xylanisolvens, were positively correlated with treatment outcomes. Oral gavage of these responder bacteria significantly increased the efficacy of erlotinib and induced the expression of CXCL9 and IFN-γ in a murine lung cancer model. These data suggest a predictable impact of specific constituents of the microbiota on tumor growth and cancer treatment outcomes with implications for both prognosis and therapy.

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Citations

Aug 20, 2020·Nature Reviews. Urology·Ahmet Murat AydinPhilippe E Spiess
Jul 11, 2020·Nature Reviews. Gastroenterology & Hepatology·Giovanni CammarotaGiampaolo Tortora
Dec 9, 2020·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Kara SampsellRaylene A Reimer
Nov 17, 2020·Frontiers in Immunology·Muhammad IrfanJorge Frias-Lopez
Feb 5, 2021·Frontiers in Oncology·Zhuonan RanZhangyong Song
Apr 22, 2021·Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology·Tao ZengZhangran Chen
May 28, 2021·World Journal of Gastroenterology : WJG·Xia LiuZong-Xin Ling
Jul 6, 2021·Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology·Chunhua YinSisun Liu
Aug 8, 2021·Microorganisms·Emanuele RinninellaMaria Cristina Mele
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Aug 25, 2021·Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology·Alejandra Mejía CaballeroAmelia Farrés
Oct 5, 2021·Frontiers in Pharmacology·Xiaoying HouFengguo Xu

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Datasets Mentioned

BETA
PRJNA494824

Methods Mentioned

BETA
phosphotransferase
GAM
PCR
Illumina sequencing

Software Mentioned

ANOSIM
BLAST
irRECIST
R package VEGAN
C50
VEGAN
UD
MetaPhlAn2
ConStrains
custom Perl scripts

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