Prediction and Prevention of Type 1 Diabetes.

Frontiers in Endocrinology
Marina PrimaveraFrancesco Chiarelli

Abstract

Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) is one of the most common chronic autoimmune diseases in children. The disease is characterized by the destruction of beta cells, leading to hyperglycemia, and to a lifelong insulin-dependent state. Although several studies in the last decades have added relevant insights, the complex pathogenesis of the disease is not yet completely understood. Recent studies have been focused on several factors, including family history and genetic predisposition (HLA and non-HLA genes) as well as environmental and metabolic biomarkers, with the aim of predicting the development and progression of T1D. Once a child becomes symptomatic, beta cell mass has already reached a critical threshold (usually a residual of 20-30% of normal amounts), thus representing only the very late phase of the disease. In particular, this final stage follows two preceding asymptomatic stages, which have been precisely identified. In view of the long natural history and complex pathogenesis of the disease, many strategies may be proposed for primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention. Strategies of primary prevention aim to prevent the onset of autoimmunity against beta cells in asymptomatic individuals at high risk for T1D. In addition, the ...Continue Reading

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
deamination

Related Concepts

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Autoimmune diseases occur as a result of an attack by the immune system on the body’s own tissues resulting in damage and dysfunction. There are different types of autoimmune diseases, in which there is a complex and unknown interaction between genetics and the environment. Discover the latest research on autoimmune diseases here.

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