PMID: 8947940Nov 1, 1996Paper

Prenatal cocaine and/or nicotine exposure in rats: preliminary findings on long-term cognitive outcome and genital development at birth

Neurotoxicology and Teratology
A R CutlerE D Levin

Abstract

Prenatal cocaine or nicotine exposure is associated with a variety of teratogenic effects. The current study was conducted to determine their effects alone and in combination on cognitive function and sexual differentiation. Pregnant Long-Evans rats (N = 19) were exposed to either cocaine (15 mg/kg/dose b.i.d. SC on GD 8-20); nicotine (4 mg/kg/day continuous SC infusion on GD 4-20); both nicotine + cocaine; or vehicle only. Birth weight and anogenital distance (AGD) were measured in all pups at birth. Learning and memory were tested in the Morris water maze (MWM) during prepubertal and pubertal ages in five daily consecutive sessions and a sixth session 1 week later and in the radial-arm maze (RAM) during adulthood. In the RAM, a drug challenge of the beta-noradrenergic antagonist propranolol (10-20 mg/kg) was given after acquisition training. Maternal weight gain was reduced 13-42% and offspring birth weight was reduced by 7-12% in all three exposure groups compared to controls. Cocaine decreased the AGD of males (2.68 mm) compared to 2.88 mm in noncocaine-exposed male pups (p < 0.025). A sex-selective cocaine effect was also seen after adjustment of AGD measurements for body weight. With this measure cocaine-treated females s...Continue Reading

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