Prenatal exposure to DDT in malaria endemic region following indoor residual spraying and in non-malaria coastal regions of South Africa

The Science of the Total Environment
K ChannaT M Sandanger

Abstract

Exemption was granted by the Stockholm Convention in 2004 for use of DDT by indoor residual spraying (IRS) as a malaria vector control. South Africa endorsed the use of DDT in its Malaria Control Programmes in malaria endemic regions and IRS remains a primary method of controlling malaria transmitting mosquitoes in this country. This study examines the impact of IRS on the levels of DDT and its metabolites in maternal blood of delivering women as a measure of prenatal exposure. We report on the concentrations of DDT and its metabolites (p,p'- DDE, p,p'-DDT, o,p'-DDE, o,p'-DDD, p,p'-DDD, and o,p'-DDT) in maternal plasma of 255 delivering women residing in three sites along Indian Ocean, namely in malaria endemic where IRS takes place, low risk and non-malaria sites. Concentrations of measured compounds were found to be significantly higher in the malaria endemic site (p=0.0001): the geometric mean concentration (95% confidence intervals; n=91) for o,p'-DDE was 9 ng/g lipids (7-10); for p,p'-DDE, 3840 ng/g lipids (3008-4902); for o,p'-DDD, 8 ng/g lipids (6-9); for p,p'-DDD, 26 ng/g lipids (20-32); for o,p'-DDT, 168 ng/g lipids (127-221) and for p,p'-DDT, 2194 ng/g lipids (1706-2823). These compounds were also detected in women re...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jan 29, 2016·The Science of the Total Environment·Petra BooijPavel Čupr
Apr 29, 2015·Environmental Science and Pollution Research International·Johan FångÅke Bergman
Aug 1, 2014·Environmental Science and Pollution Research International·AbdulAziz A Al-OthmanNasser M Al-Daghri
Mar 30, 2017·International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health·Blair J WylieKwaku P Asante
Jul 12, 2017·Environmental Health Perspectives·Fraser W GasparBrenda Eskenazi
Nov 4, 2017·Environmental Science. Processes & Impacts·Solrunn HansenJon Øyvind Odland
Nov 15, 2019·Current Pharmaceutical Design·Biancamaria LongoniRoberto Maggio
Aug 27, 2019·The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science·Kodai MotohiraMayumi Ishizuka
Aug 27, 2021·Veterinary Sciences·Michela PuglieseEttore Napoli

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