Prenatal tobacco use and risk of stillbirth: a case-control and bidirectional case-crossover study

Nicotine & Tobacco Research : Official Journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco
Hamisu M SalihuHany Gaafer-Ahmed

Abstract

We sought to estimate the association between prenatal smoking and stillbirth in a longitudinal cohort using two study designs: a case-control study and a bidirectional case-crossover study. The analysis was conducted using the Missouri maternally linked cohort dataset from 1978 through 1997. In the case-control study, each mother contributed only one birth to the analysis. For the bidirectional crossover design, analysis was restricted to women who gave birth to at least one stillbirth, and the controls comprised all live births before and after the stillbirth. The independent association between prenatal smoking and stillbirth was computed using nonconditional (case-control design) and conditional (bidirectional case-crossover design) logistic regression. Prenatal smoking decreased from 29.7% in 1978 to 21.2% by 1997 (p<.001). The absolute risk of stillbirth was greater among smokers (7.7/1000) than nonsmokers (5.3/1000), p<.001. In the case-control design, the risk of stillbirth was 34% greater among smokers than nonsmokers (OR = 1.34, 95% CI 1.26-1.43). For each 10-unit increase in the number of cigarettes consumed per day prenatally, the likelihood of stillbirth rose by about 14% (p<.001). In the bidirectional case-crossov...Continue Reading

Citations

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