Preparation of norfloxacin spherical agglomerates using the ammonia diffusion system

Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
H G PuechagutC A Chiale

Abstract

Agglomerated crystals of norfloxacin were prepared by a spherical crystallization technique using the ammonia diffusion system (ADS). This technique makes it possible to agglomerate amphoteric drugs like norfloxacin, which cannot be agglomerated by conventional procedures. When an ammonia-water solution of norfloxacin is poured into an acetone dichloromethane mixture under agitation, a small amount of ammonia is liberated in the system. The ammonia-water solution plays a role both as a good solvent for norfloxacin and as a bridging liquid, allowing the crystals' collection to take place in one step. It has been proven that the agglomeration mechanism follows three steps: first acetone enters into the droplets of ammonia-water (this emulsion is formed because of the system characteristics); dissolved norfloxacin is consequently precipitated while the droplets collect the crystals; simultaneously, a part of the ammonia contained in the agglomerates diffuses to the outer organic solvent phase, thereby forming the norfloxacin spherical agglomerates. The correct selection of solvents has enabled us to obtain a suitable stable crystalline shape.

References

Nov 1, 1984·Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences·Y KawashimaA Kojima

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Mar 8, 2000·International Journal of Pharmaceutics·P Di MartinoM Sante
Mar 9, 2011·International Journal of Nanomedicine·Hf SalemMa Sharaf
Apr 5, 2012·Acta Pharmaceutica : a Quarterly Journal of Croatian Pharmaceutical Society and Slovenian Pharmaceutical Society, Dealing with All Branches of Pharmacy and Allied Sciences·Borut KovačičOdon Planinšek
May 11, 2004·Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy·János BajdikIstván Eros
Aug 14, 2013·Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy·Maryam Maghsoodi, Ali Hajipour
Oct 10, 2007·Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences·Wanchai ChongcharoenNarueporn Sutanthavibul
Aug 6, 2010·Pharmaceutical Development and Technology·Jaleh VarshosazFatemeh Akhavan Salamat
Dec 13, 2016·Pharmaceutical Development and Technology·Maryam Maghsoodi, Ali Nokhodchi

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Trending Feeds

COVID-19

Coronaviruses encompass a large family of viruses that cause the common cold as well as more serious diseases, such as the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; formally known as 2019-nCoV). Coronaviruses can spread from animals to humans; symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties; in more severe cases, infection can lead to death. This feed covers recent research on COVID-19.

Blastomycosis

Blastomycosis fungal infections spread through inhaling Blastomyces dermatitidis spores. Discover the latest research on blastomycosis fungal infections here.

Nuclear Pore Complex in ALS/FTD

Alterations in nucleocytoplasmic transport, controlled by the nuclear pore complex, may be involved in the pathomechanism underlying multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Here is the latest research on the nuclear pore complex in ALS and FTD.

Applications of Molecular Barcoding

The concept of molecular barcoding is that each original DNA or RNA molecule is attached to a unique sequence barcode. Sequence reads having different barcodes represent different original molecules, while sequence reads having the same barcode are results of PCR duplication from one original molecule. Discover the latest research on molecular barcoding here.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a disease characterized by unexplained disabling fatigue; the pathology of which is incompletely understood. Discover the latest research on chronic fatigue syndrome here.

Evolution of Pluripotency

Pluripotency refers to the ability of a cell to develop into three primary germ cell layers of the embryo. This feed focuses on the mechanisms that underlie the evolution of pluripotency. Here is the latest research.

Position Effect Variegation

Position Effect Variagation occurs when a gene is inactivated due to its positioning near heterochromatic regions within a chromosome. Discover the latest research on Position Effect Variagation here.

STING Receptor Agonists

Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) are a group of transmembrane proteins that are involved in the induction of type I interferon that is important in the innate immune response. The stimulation of STING has been an active area of research in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Here is the latest research on STING receptor agonists.

Microbicide

Microbicides are products that can be applied to vaginal or rectal mucosal surfaces with the goal of preventing, or at least significantly reducing, the transmission of sexually transmitted infections. Here is the latest research on microbicides.

Related Papers

European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics : Official Journal of Arbeitsgemeinschaft Für Pharmazeutische Verfahrenstechnik E.V
Piroska Szabó-RévészEdina Pallagi
European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences : Official Journal of the European Federation for Pharmaceutical Sciences
Jyothi Thati, Ake C Rasmuson
© 2022 Meta ULC. All rights reserved