PMID: 19920380Nov 19, 2009Paper

Present status of carbon ion radiotherapy for malignant tumors

Gan to kagaku ryoho. Cancer & chemotherapy
Shinji Sugahara, Tadashi Kamada

Abstract

Between June 1994 and February 2009, a total of 4, 504 patients with malignant tumors were registered in phase I/II dose-escalation studies and clinical phase II trials using carbon ion beams generated at the Heavy Ion Medical Accelerator in Chiba (HIMAC). Carbon ion radiotherapy (CIRT) has a unique advantage due to the biological properties and excellent dose distribution for malignant tumors compared with other radiotherapy. The cell mortality rate from a carbon ion beam is higher than that from a photon beam when the same physical dose is irradiated. This cell killing effect ratio is expressed by the relative biological effectiveness (RBE), and the RBE of a carbon ion beam has been reported to be 2-3, meaning that the cell killing effect of a carbon beam is two to three times stronger than that of a photon beam. In terms of the physical characteristics, CIRT exhibits a spread-out Bragg peak (SOBP) and makes for a better dose distribution of the target volume by specified beam modulations. In the initial dose-escalation studies, grade 3 or more late rectal complications had developed in some patients. However, the adverse effects were resolved because of the use of appropriate dose levels and modification of the radiation tec...Continue Reading

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