Prestimulus Inhibition of Saccades in Adults With and Without Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder as an Index of Temporal Expectations

Psychological Science
Yarden DanknerShlomit Yuval-Greenberg

Abstract

Knowing when to expect important events to occur is critical for preparing context-appropriate behavior. However, anticipation is inherently complicated to assess because conventional measurements of behavior, such as accuracy and reaction time, are available only after the predicted event has occurred. Anticipatory processes, which occur prior to target onset, are typically measured only retrospectively by these methods. In this study, we utilized a novel approach for assessing temporal expectations through the dynamics of prestimulus saccades. Results showed that saccades of neurotypical participants were inhibited prior to the onset of stimuli that appeared at predictable compared with less predictable times. No such inhibition was found in most participants with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and particularly not in those who experienced difficulties in sustaining attention over time. These findings suggest that individuals with ADHD, especially those with sustained-attention deficits, have diminished ability to benefit from temporal predictability, and this could account for some of their context-inappropriate behaviors.

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Citations

Dec 8, 2017·Nature Reviews. Neuroscience·Anna C Nobre, Freek van Ede
Nov 29, 2017·Psychonomic Bulletin & Review·Mariel RobertsMarisa Carrasco
Aug 11, 2018·Psychophysiology·Noam Tal, Shlomit Yuval-Greenberg
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Mar 8, 2020·Behavior Research Methods·Rachel N DenisonMarisa Carrasco
Jul 16, 2020·Nature Communications·Dekel AbelesShlomit Yuval-Greenberg
Jul 6, 2020·Nature Communications·Stephanie BaddeMarisa Carrasco
Dec 10, 2020·Scientific Reports·Noam Tal-Perry, Shlomit Yuval-Greenberg
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Jul 1, 2020·Neuropsychologia·Anat Kliger Amrani, Elana Zion Golumbic
May 14, 2021·Attention, Perception & Psychophysics·Noam Tal-Perry, Shlomit Yuval-Greenberg
Jun 15, 2021·Biological Psychology·Pia BrinkmannSimone Dalla Bella
Aug 21, 2021·Autism Research : Official Journal of the International Society for Autism Research·Shuyuan FengLi Yi

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