Prevalence and Co-Occurrence of Internalizing and Externalizing Depression Symptoms in a Community Sample of Australian Male Truck Drivers

American Journal of Men's Health
Simon M RiceAnne Maria Möller-Leimkühler

Abstract

Trucking industry employees are known to be at risk of elevated levels of stress and a range of behaviors that may compromise their mental health. Clinical reports indicate that in response to negative emotional states, men tend to engage in a cluster of externalizing behaviors including irritability, anger and aggression, risk taking, and substance misuse. However, as such symptoms fall outside standard diagnostic depression criteria, the diagnosis and treatment of depression in men may be impeded. The present exploratory study reports retrospective symptom ratings of internalizing and externalizing depression symptoms from 91 Australian male truck drivers. Moderate correlation between externalizing and internalizing symptoms was reported across the sample, though internalizing symptoms were reported more frequently. However, consistent with prediction, those meeting probable depression caseness ( n = 20) reported three times the number of externalizing symptoms relative to those in the nonclinical group (Cohen's d = 1.31). Externalizing symptoms may be a particular phenotypic feature of depression in men, and assessment of such symptoms may assist in the detection of those unwilling to disclose typical internalizing symptoms ...Continue Reading

References

Feb 25, 1995·Lancet·W RutzJ Wålinder
Apr 1, 1997·Perspectives in Psychiatric Care·C Heifner
Dec 10, 2002·Nordic Journal of Psychiatry·Finn ZierauPer Bech
Sep 20, 2005·The Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry·Suzanne BrownhillVirginia Schmied
Jul 22, 2008·Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology·Francisco Pereira da Silva-JúniorPedro Felipe Carvalhedo de Bruin
May 30, 2009·American Journal of Men's Health·Aaron B RochlenRichard L Kravitz
Aug 13, 2010·Issues in Mental Health Nursing·Mona ShattellMary Griffin
Sep 21, 2013·Journal of Affective Disorders·Simon M RiceAnne Maria Möller-Leimkühler

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Citations

Aug 29, 2018·International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health·Sergio GarbarinoPaola Lanteri
Jun 20, 2020·Perspectives in Psychiatric Care·Bedia Tarsuslu, Gulgun Durat
Jun 6, 2020·Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine·Robert KagaboMatthew S Thiese
Dec 19, 2021·Psychiatrische Praxis·Anne Maria Möller-LeimkühlerLothar Weissbach

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