Prevalence and Trends of Concurrent Opioid Analgesic and Benzodiazepine Use Among Veterans Affairs Patients with Post-traumatic Stress Disorder, 2003-2011

Pain Medicine : the Official Journal of the American Academy of Pain Medicine
Eric J HawkinsAndrew J Saxon

Abstract

Patients with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have complex and multiple symptoms, including anxiety, insomnia, and co-occurring pain, often treated with opioids and benzodiazepines. While concurrent use of these medications poses safety concerns, little is known about the trends of long-term concurrent use and the prevalence of high-risk conditions among those who are prescribed them. Study objectives were to examine the trends in annual prevalence of long-term concurrent opioid and benzodiazepine use among patients with PTSD and prevalence of high-risk conditions in concurrent users of these medications. Retrospective review of pharmacy records of the Veteran Affairs Northwest Integrated Network (VISN20). Patients (n = 66,210) with PTSD receiving care during 2003-2011. Concurrent use was defined as overlapping opioid and benzodiazepine prescriptions for ≥90 consecutive days. Gender-specific logistic regressions estimated long-term concurrent use of these medications and tested for linear trends over 9-years. The trend in age-adjusted long-term concurrent opioid and benzodiazepine use over 9-years increased 52.7%, from 3.6% (95% confidence interval, 3.3-3.9%) to 5.5% (5.3-5.8%), in men and 79.5%, from 3.9% (3.0-5.0%) to 7...Continue Reading

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