Prevalence of microbiological contaminants in groundwater sources and risk factor assessment in Juba, South Sudan

The Science of the Total Environment
Emma EngströmMikael Mangold

Abstract

In low-income regions, drinking water is often derived from groundwater sources, which might spread diarrheal disease if they are microbiologically polluted. This study aimed to investigate the occurrence of fecal contamination in 147 improved groundwater sources in Juba, South Sudan and to assess potential contributing risk factors, based on bivariate statistical analysis. Thermotolerant coliforms (TTCs) were detected in 66% of the investigated sources, including 95 boreholes, breaching the health-based recommendations for drinking water. A significant association (p<0.05) was determined between the presence of TTCs and the depth of cumulative, long-term prior precipitation (both within the previous five days and within the past month). No such link was found to short-term rainfall, the presence of latrines or damages in the borehole apron. However, the risk factor analysis further suggested, to a lesser degree, that the local topography and on-site hygiene were additionally significant. In summary, the analysis indicated that an important contamination mechanism was fecal pollution of the contributing groundwater, which was unlikely due to the presence of latrines; instead, infiltration from contaminated surface water was mor...Continue Reading

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Citations

Oct 27, 2016·Environmental Monitoring and Assessment·Osvalda De GiglioMaria Teresa Montagna
Oct 23, 2019·Journal of Water and Health·Tim FosterKrishna Kumar Kotra
Jul 11, 2018·Environmental Monitoring and Assessment·Pedro TeixeiraElisabete Valério
Jul 28, 2019·Environmental Geochemistry and Health·T N NganjeA S Hursthouse
Nov 9, 2019·Applied Water Science·Eltigani Bashier AbdelgaliliPotgieter Natasha
May 6, 2021·Heliyon·George LutterodtMohammed Takase

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