Prevalence of pertussis antibodies in maternal delivery, cord, and infant serum

The Journal of Infectious Diseases
C Mary HealyCarol J Baker

Abstract

Passively acquired maternal antibodies protect infants from many pathogens. With increasing reports of infant pertussis, we evaluated pertussis antibodies in maternal-infant paired sera from 1999-2000. Antibodies to pertussis toxin (PT), filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA), and fimbrial proteins (FIM) were measured by validated IgG-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA) in 64 maternal-umbilical cord serum pairs and in 61 of 64 infant sera. Geometric mean concentrations (GMCs) of pertussis antibodies and cord : maternal GMC ratios were calculated. Mean maternal age and gestation were 29.7 years (range, 19-42) and 39.3 weeks (range, 35.6-40.9), and 81% of mothers were white. GMCs of maternal antibodies at delivery (ELISA units/mL) were 2.4 for PT, 6.9 for FHA, and 13 for FIM. Cord GMCs were 169%, 178%, and 157% of maternal delivery values for PT, FHA, and FIM, respectively, demonstrating active placental transfer (P<.001). Pertussis-specific IgG values for each antigen decayed to below the threshold of detection by age 2 months. Despite efficient placental transfer, low maternal pertussis antibody levels and their rapid decay in infant sera leave infants with little humoral protection against pertussis. These data support...Continue Reading

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