Abstract
Teachers can be vulnerable to secondary traumatic stress (STS) because of their supportive role with students and potential exposure to students' experiences with traumas, violence, disasters, or crises. STS symptoms, similar to those found in posttraumatic stress disorder, include nightmares, avoidance, agitation, and withdrawal, and can result from secondary exposure to hearing about students' traumas. This article describes how STS presents, how teachers can be at risk, and how STS can manifest in schools. A US Department of Education training program is presented, and thoughts on future directions are discussed.
References
Nov 1, 1991·Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry·E D Schwarz, J M Kowalski
Oct 1, 1994·Journal of Traumatic Stress·I H SloanS M Saunders
Aug 27, 1999·JAMA : the Journal of the American Medical Association·C S NorthE M Smith
Jan 10, 2001·Annual Review of Psychology·C MaslachM P Leiter
May 3, 2002·The American Journal of Psychiatry·Carol S NorthElizabeth M Smith
Oct 24, 2002·Journal of Traumatic Stress·Sharon Rae Jenkins, Stephanie Baird
Apr 18, 2003·Journal of Traumatic Stress·MaryDale Salston, Charles R Figley
Sep 14, 2007·Social Work·Mary L Pulido
Jan 13, 2009·Oncology Nursing Forum·Nancy Jo Bush
Jul 11, 2009·Anxiety, Stress, and Coping·C D Craig, G Sprang
May 16, 2012·School Psychology Quarterly : the Official Journal of the Division of School Psychology, American Psychological Association·Eva Alisic
Jun 5, 2012·European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing : Journal of the Working Group on Cardiovascular Nursing of the European Society of Cardiology·Anna StrömbergBarbara Riegel
May 24, 2013·JAMA Pediatrics·David FinkelhorSherry L Hamby