Prevention of neural tube defects by the fortification of flour with folic acid: a population-based retrospective study in Brazil

Bulletin of the World Health Organization
Leonor Maria Pacheco SantosHumberto Gabriel Rodrigues

Abstract

To determine if the fortification of wheat and maize flours with iron and folic acid - which became mandatory in Brazil from June 2004 - is effective in the prevention of neural tube defects. Using data from national information systems on births in central, south-eastern and southern Brazil, we determined the prevalence of neural tube defects among live births and stillbirths in a pre-fortification period - i.e. 2001-2004 - and in a post-fortification period - i.e. 2005-2014. We distinguished between anencephaly, encephalocele, meningocele, myelomeningocele and other forms of spina bifida. There were 8554 neural tube defects for 17,925,729 live births notified between 2001 and 2014. For the same period, 2673 neural tube defects were reported for 194,858 stillbirths. The overall prevalence of neural tube defects fell from 0.79 per 1000 pre-fortification to 0.55 per 1000 post-fortification (prevalence ratio, PR: 1.43; 95% confidence interval, CI: 1.38-1.50). For stillbirths, prevalence fell from 17.74 per 1000 stillbirths pre-fortification to 11.70 per 1000 stillbirths post-fortification. The corresponding values among live births were 0.57 and 0.44, respectively. The introduction of the mandatory fortification of flour with iro...Continue Reading

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Mar 15, 2018·PloS One·Fernando A PolettaJorge S López-Camelo
Jun 9, 2018·Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology·Rhodi E BullochClare R Wall
Nov 2, 2019·European Journal of Nutrition·Cecília Zanin PalchettiDirce Maria Lobo Marchioni
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Nov 16, 2021·The British Journal of Nutrition·Cecília Zanin PalchettiDirce Maria Lobo Marchioni

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