Prevention of status epilepticus-induced brain edema and neuronal cell loss by repeated treatment with high-dose levetiracetam

Brain Research
Kouichi ItohYasuhiro Ishihara

Abstract

The management of status epilepticus (SE) is important to prevent mortality and the development of post-SE symptomatic epilepsy. Acquired epilepsy after an initial brain insult by SE can be experimentally reproduced in the murine model of SE induced by pilocarpine. In the present study, we evaluated the possibility of treatment with a high-dose of levetiracetam in this model. Repeated treatment with high-dose levetiracetam after termination of SE by diazepam significantly prevented the incidence of spontaneous recurrent seizures and mortality for at least 28 days. To determine the brain alterations after SE, magnetic resonance imaging was performed. Both T2-weighted imaging and diffusion-weighted imaging showed changes in the limbic regions. These changes in the limbic regions demonstrated the development of cytotoxic edema three hours after SE, followed by the development of vasogenic edema two days after SE. In the pilocarpine-SE model, the incidence of spontaneous recurrent seizures after SE was strongly associated with neuronal damage within a few hours to days after SE by the development of vasogenic edema via the breakdown of the blood-brain barrier in the limbic regions. High-dose levetiracetam significantly suppressed t...Continue Reading

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Citations

Apr 2, 2020·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Barbara MiziakStanisław J Czuczwar
Jun 22, 2018·Oncotarget·Karina Vargas-SánchezRodrigo E González-Reyes
Mar 30, 2017·Cognitive Neurodynamics·Hui TangJiaquan He
Sep 3, 2019·Neuropharmacology·Theresa AuerChristoph Schwarzer

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