Primary and Secondary Diastolic Dysfunction in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction

The American Journal of Cardiology
Marco Giuseppe Del BuonoAntonio Abbate

Abstract

Approximately 50% of patients with symptoms and signs of heart failure have a left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≥50% and are often simply referred to as 'heart failure with preserved EF', 'HFpEF'. Many of such patients have HF secondary to specific cardiac conditions (i.e., valvular or pericardial disease) in which the symptoms and signs occur despite the LVEF being preserved due to diastolic dysfunction secondary to the underlying disease (secondary HFpEF), differently from those HFpEF patients in which the impaired LV filling is due to a primary diastolic dysfunction (primary HFpEF). When primary HFpEF patients are properly diagnosed, they appear to have a milder form of HF with a lower cardiovascular mortality compared with HFrEF and secondary HFpEF population, but a risk of HF hospitalization that is significantly higher than patients with similar cardiovascular risk factors but without the diagnosis of HFpEF. We herein review the diagnostic approach to HFpEF and present a differential diagnosis of HFpEF in a primary and secondary form.

Citations

Mar 1, 2019·Circulation Research·Carl J LavieSteven N Blair
Nov 2, 2019·Hospital Practice·Tanya DuttaWilbert S Aronow
Dec 10, 2019·Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology·Marco Giuseppe Del BuonoAntonio Abbate
Apr 24, 2020·Circulation Research·Antonio AbbateCharles A Dinarello
Apr 17, 2020·International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health·Hong LuoLiping Yu
Nov 22, 2019·Frontiers in Physiology·Domenico D'AmarioFilippo Crea
Jul 2, 2020·International Journal of General Medicine·Ahmed Hussein SubkiKamal Waheeb Alghalayini
Dec 10, 2020·Arquivos brasileiros de cardiologia·Miguel Morita Fernandes-SilvaLuiz Cláudio Danzmann
Jun 17, 2021·Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine : Official Publication of the American Association of Zoo Veterinarians·Anthony L AshleyAndrew C Cushing
Aug 31, 2021·Circulation Journal : Official Journal of the Japanese Circulation Society·Bolrathanak OeunUNKNOWN OCVC-Heart Failure Investigators

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