Primary mediastinal histiocytic sarcoma presenting as pleural effusion

Diagnostic Cytopathology
Jie-Yang JhuangShih-Sung Chuang

Abstract

Histiocytic sarcoma (HS) is a rare malignant neoplasm showing morphological and immunophenotypic features of mature tissue histiocytes. As HS may mimic non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) pathologically, before the era of immunohistochemistry, many previously reported cases were misdiagnosed NHL. Up to date, there are only a few reports delineating the cytological features in fine-needle aspiration or bronchoalveolar lavage, but not in the effusion fluid yet. Herein, we report the case of a 61-year-old male with a mediastinal tumor presenting with malignant pleural effusion. The effusion cytology showed atypical epithelioid (histiocytoid) cells, both in loose clusters and a dispersed pattern, with scanty admixed inflammatory infiltrate. Distinct from the benign histiocytes, these tumor cells exhibited evident cytological atypia, including irregular nuclear contours, significant nuclear pleomorphism, brisk mitotic figures, and apoptotic bodies in the Papanicolaou stain. With the Liu stain, most tumor cells showed abundant blue-gray cytoplasm, some with small cytoplasmic vacuoles and formation of pseudopods. Subsequent biopsies of the tumor nodules in the right lower lung and pleura showed diffuse sheets of neoplastic cells expressing CD4...Continue Reading

References

Sep 25, 2003·Diagnostic Cytopathology·John R Miliauskas
Aug 9, 2005·International Journal of Surgical Pathology·Sang Yong SongGeunghwan Ahn
Apr 11, 2006·Diagnostic Cytopathology·Dilip K Das
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May 3, 2016·Human Pathology·Sebastian Fernandez-PolDita Gratzinger
Aug 15, 2017·Cancer Cytopathology·Yin P HungXiaohua Qian

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Citations

Jun 18, 2021·World Journal of Surgical Oncology·Ganghee ChaeTaehoon Lee

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