Principles and approaches to the treatment of immune-mediated movement disorders

European Journal of Paediatric Neurology : EJPN : Official Journal of the European Paediatric Neurology Society
Shekeeb S Mohammad, Russell C Dale

Abstract

Immune mediated movement disorders include movement disorders in the context of autoimmune encephalitis such as anti-NMDAR encephalitis, post-infectious autoimmune movement disorders such as Sydenham chorea, paraneoplastic autoimmune movement disorders such as opsoclonus myoclonus ataxia syndrome, and infection triggered conditions such as paediatric acute neuropsychiatric syndrome. This review focuses on the approach to treatment of immune mediated movement disorders, which requires an understanding of the immunopathogenesis, whether the disease is destructive or 'altering', and the natural history of disease. Factors that can influence outcome include the severity of disease, the delay before starting therapy, use of multimodal therapy and whether the course is monophasic or relapsing. Although the four main conditions listed above have different pathophysiological processes, there are general themes that broadly apply including: early diagnosis and treatment is better, minimise the severity of disease, escalate treatment if the patient is not responding to initial treatments, and minimise relapse.

Citations

Dec 18, 2018·Acta neurologica Belgica·Harald De CauwerDieter Vanneste
Jun 2, 2020·Frontiers in Neurology·Ana Paula Bornes da SilvaDouglas Kazutoshi Sato
Oct 13, 2019·Pediatric Neurology·Sanem Yilmaz, Jonathan W Mink
Apr 10, 2021·Current Problems in Pediatric and Adolescent Health Care·Joanna Blackburn, Mered Parnes
Jun 23, 2021·Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology·Salam AlburaikyCynthia Sharpe
Jul 3, 2021·Journal of Clinical Medicine·Giacomo GaroneAlessandro Capuano
Jan 26, 2021·European Journal of Neurology : the Official Journal of the European Federation of Neurological Societies·Cendrine FoucardEmmanuel Roze

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