Abstract
Polymyxin B (PMB), a last-line antibiotic used against antibiotic-resistant superbugs, causes undesirable cytotoxic side effects. However, its mechanisms remain unknown. In this study, we unexpectedly found that caspase-3, a main executor of apoptosis, plays a protective role in PMB-induced cytotoxicity. Caspase-3 knockout (KO) cells exhibited higher susceptibility to PMB-induced cytotoxicity compared with wild-type (WT) cells, accompanied by increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Interestingly, co-treatment with the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) rescued cell viability to a similar extent as WT cells. Furthermore, PMB failed to facilitate the processing of inactive caspase-3 (pro-caspase-3) into active forms, suggesting that pro-caspase-3 nonenzymatically suppresses PMB-driven ROS accumulation and its cytotoxicity. Thus, our findings that demonstrate the potential ability of PMB to stimulate ROS generation, but which is normally masked by pro-caspase-3-dependent mechanisms, may provide novel insights into the mechanisms of PMB-induced side effects.
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Citations
Apr 3, 2020·The Journal of Toxicological Sciences·Mei TsuchidaAtsushi Matsuzawa
Jan 9, 2021·Cell Death & Disease·Takuya NoguchiAtsushi Matsuzawa
Dec 18, 2020·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Midori SuzukiAtsushi Matsuzawa
Jun 1, 2021·Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine·Zhuyun QinHaitao Zhang