Proactive control of implicit bias: A theoretical model and implications for behavior change

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
David M Amodio, Jillian K Swencionis

Abstract

Four experiments examined the effect of proactive control on expressions of implicit racial bias. Whereas reactive control is engaged in response to a biasing influence (e.g., a stereotype, temptation, or distraction), proactive control is engaged in advance of such biases, functioning to strengthen task focus and, by consequence, limiting the affordance for a bias to be expressed in behavior. Using manipulations of response interference to modulate proactive control, proactive control was found to eliminate expressions of weapons bias, prejudice, and stereotyping on commonly used implicit assessments. Process dissociation analysis indicated that this pattern reflected changes in controlled processing but not automatic associations, as theorized, and assessments of neural activity, using event-related potentials, revealed that proactive control reduces early attention to task-irrelevant racial cues while increasing focus on task-relevant responses. Together, these results provide initial evidence for proactive control in social cognition and demonstrate its effectiveness at reducing expressions of implicit racial bias. Based on these findings and past research, we present a model of proactive and reactive control that offers a ...Continue Reading

Citations

Mar 12, 2019·Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences·Joshua SkewesJohanna Seibt
Sep 1, 2019·Molecular Neurobiology·Miguel DasilvaMaria V Sanchez-Vives
Jan 14, 2020·Social Neuroscience·Zahra MoradiGlyn W Humphreys
Nov 18, 2018·Scientific Reports·Kajornvut OunjaiJohan Lauwereyns
May 22, 2019·Ethnicity & Health·Ariela Popper-Giveon
Mar 25, 2019·Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin·Bradley D MattanJasmin Cloutier
Sep 19, 2020·Annual Review of Psychology·David M Amodio, Mina Cikara
Nov 24, 2018·Trends in Cognitive Sciences·David M Amodio
Mar 21, 2021·Social Neuroscience·Petra C Schmid, David M Amodio

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