Probability discounting of gains and losses: implications for risk attitudes and impulsivity.

Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior
N Will Shead, David C Hodgins

Abstract

Sixty college students performed three discounting tasks: probability discounting of gains, probability discounting of losses, and delay discounting of gains. Each task used an adjusting-amount procedure, and participants' choices affected the amount and timing of their remuneration for participating. Both group and individual discounting functions from all three procedures were well fitted by hyperboloid discounting functions. A negative correlation between the probability discounting of gains and losses was observed, consistent with the idea that individuals' choices on probability discounting tasks reflect their general attitude towards risk, regardless of whether the outcomes are gains or losses. This finding further suggests that risk attitudes reflect the weighting an individual gives to the lowest-valued outcome (e.g., getting nothing when the probabilistic outcome is a gain or actually losing when the probabilistic outcome is a loss). According to this view, risk-aversion indicates a tendency to overweight the lowest-valued outcome, whereas risk-seeking indicates a tendency to underweight it. Neither probability discounting of gains nor probability discounting of losses were reliably correlated with discounting of delay...Continue Reading

References

Mar 1, 1991·Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior·H RachlinD Cross
Mar 13, 1998·Annual Review of Psychology·B A MellersA D Cooke
Apr 30, 1999·Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior·J B RichardsH de Wit
Aug 26, 1999·Drug and Alcohol Dependence·N M Petry, T Casarella
Nov 7, 1999·Psychopharmacology·S H Mitchell
Jun 8, 2000·Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology·J P CreanJ B Richards
Dec 29, 2000·Journal of Personality·M Zuckerman, D M Kuhlman
Oct 16, 2001·Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior·J MyersonM Warusawitharana
Oct 29, 2003·Behavioural Processes·Brady ReynoldsJerry B. Richards
Jan 28, 2004·Behavioural Processes·Brady ReynoldsKatherine Karraker
Sep 16, 2004·Psychological Bulletin·Leonard Green, Joel Myerson
May 5, 2005·Psychological Science·Peter R Killeen

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Feb 20, 2016·Cyberpsychology, Behavior and Social Networking·Qi LiXun Liu
May 23, 2015·Frontiers in Psychology·Wojciech BiałaszekPiotr Zielonka
Sep 13, 2016·Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology·Sara CoelhoAlexandre de Mendonça
Apr 5, 2018·Cognitive, Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience·Yacila I Deza AraujoMichael N Smolka
Nov 17, 2015·International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction·David C Hodgins, Alice Holub
Apr 20, 2014·Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior·Leonard GreenSeo Eun Chang
Jan 28, 2015·Phytopathology·Neil D HavisMichael Hess
Dec 17, 2015·Annals of Behavioral Medicine : a Publication of the Society of Behavioral Medicine·Jared M BruceDavid P Jarmolowicz
May 5, 2011·Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior·James E Mazur, Dawn R Biondi
Nov 8, 2013·Behavioural Pharmacology·Dmitri V Poltavski, Jeffrey N Weatherly
Nov 13, 2018·Frontiers in Psychology·Darío Cuevas RiveraStefan J Kiebel
Aug 18, 2017·Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research·Nadine BernhardtMichael N Smolka
Sep 16, 2017·Archives of Sexual Behavior·Shea M LemleyMark A Celio
Apr 3, 2019·Cognitive, Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience·Katherine S F DammeMichelle G Craske
Jan 25, 2013·Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior·Leonard Green, Joel Myerson
Mar 15, 2015·Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior·Tal Shavit, Mosi Rosenboim
Mar 7, 2020·Scientific Reports·Hashem SadeghiyehRobert C Wilson
Sep 14, 2018·Frontiers in Psychology·Aleksandra M HermanTheodora Duka
Jul 28, 2017·Scientific Reports·Aaron P SmithThomas R Zentall
Jun 6, 2020·Psychopharmacology·Anja KräplinMichael N Smolka
Mar 16, 2017·Behavior Research Methods·Shakoor PoosehMichael N Smolka

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Trending Feeds

COVID-19

Coronaviruses encompass a large family of viruses that cause the common cold as well as more serious diseases, such as the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; formally known as 2019-nCoV). Coronaviruses can spread from animals to humans; symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties; in more severe cases, infection can lead to death. This feed covers recent research on COVID-19.

Blastomycosis

Blastomycosis fungal infections spread through inhaling Blastomyces dermatitidis spores. Discover the latest research on blastomycosis fungal infections here.

Nuclear Pore Complex in ALS/FTD

Alterations in nucleocytoplasmic transport, controlled by the nuclear pore complex, may be involved in the pathomechanism underlying multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Here is the latest research on the nuclear pore complex in ALS and FTD.

Applications of Molecular Barcoding

The concept of molecular barcoding is that each original DNA or RNA molecule is attached to a unique sequence barcode. Sequence reads having different barcodes represent different original molecules, while sequence reads having the same barcode are results of PCR duplication from one original molecule. Discover the latest research on molecular barcoding here.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a disease characterized by unexplained disabling fatigue; the pathology of which is incompletely understood. Discover the latest research on chronic fatigue syndrome here.

Evolution of Pluripotency

Pluripotency refers to the ability of a cell to develop into three primary germ cell layers of the embryo. This feed focuses on the mechanisms that underlie the evolution of pluripotency. Here is the latest research.

Position Effect Variegation

Position Effect Variagation occurs when a gene is inactivated due to its positioning near heterochromatic regions within a chromosome. Discover the latest research on Position Effect Variagation here.

STING Receptor Agonists

Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) are a group of transmembrane proteins that are involved in the induction of type I interferon that is important in the innate immune response. The stimulation of STING has been an active area of research in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Here is the latest research on STING receptor agonists.

Microbicide

Microbicides are products that can be applied to vaginal or rectal mucosal surfaces with the goal of preventing, or at least significantly reducing, the transmission of sexually transmitted infections. Here is the latest research on microbicides.