Abstract
Chinese bayberry leaves are rich in prodelphinidins. Since the isolation and purification of prodelphinidins is difficult, the association between the degree of prodelphinidin polymerization and their anti-carcinogenic activity remains ambiguous. The cytotoxic and apoptotic activities of prodelphinidin Chinese bayberry leaf extracts (PCBLs), oligomeric proanthocyanidins (OPAs) and polymeric proanthocyanidins (PPAs), isolated by normal-phase preparative high-performance liquid chromatography were investigated in OVCAR-3 human ovarian cancer cells. The PCBLs, OPAs and PPAs inhibited cancer cell growth and induced apoptosis via the caspase-dependent pathway. Apoptosis was triggered through the intrinsic pathway by upregulating the expression of several B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) family proapoptotic proteins, including p53-upregulated modulator of apoptosis (PUMA), Bcl-2-associated X protein and Bcl-2-associated agonist of cell death, and by downregulating the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-extra large. Apoptosis was also triggered through the extrinsic pathway via the upregulation of death receptor 5 (DR5) and Fas expression. In addition, OPAs and PPAs induced caspase-dependent apoptosis at least partially through the inhibition of the ...Continue Reading
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