Prodrome and Non-prodrome Phenotypes of Bladder Pain Syndrome/Interstitial Cystitis

Urology
John W WarrenDaniel J Clauw

Abstract

To test the hypothesis that risk factors for bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis (BPS/IC) in women differ between those with and without the BPS/IC prodrome. Incident cases of BPS/IC and healthy controls were recruited nationally. More than half the BPS/IC cases reported subsyndromal urinary symptoms for decades before onset of BPS/IC and were identified as having the prodrome. Risk factors for BPS/IC were examined separately for cases with and without the prodrome using a set of matched controls. Two risk factors distinguished 178 prodrome from 134 non-prodrome cases. One was "UTIs" in the year before BPS/IC onset, possibly a manifestation of the prodrome itself. The other was the presence of the maximal number of nonbladder syndromes (NBSs): prodrome cases were 12 times more likely than non-prodrome cases to have ≥4 NBSs. Additional risk factors for prodrome and/or non-prodrome cases were the direct association of exogenous female hormones, as well as 3 inverse associations: type 2 diabetes mellitus, multiple pregnancies, and current daily smoking. Prodrome cases developed urinary symptoms in their early 20s (ie, the prodrome) and were at very high risk of numerous NBSs. Non-prodrome cases developed urinary symptoms i...Continue Reading

Citations

Feb 4, 2021·Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology·Iris Leibovich-Nassi, Avner Reshef

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