Production of clover broomrape seed germination stimulants by red clover root requires nitrate but is inhibited by phosphate and ammonium

Physiologia Plantarum
Koichi YoneyamaTakao Yokota

Abstract

The effect of nutrients (nitrate, ammonium, urea, phosphate and potassium) on the production and/or exudation of germination stimulants for clover broomrape (Orobanche minor Sm.), a root holoparasite, by its host red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) was examined using hydroponically grown material. Potassium (K2SO4) concentrations up to 100 mg l-1 (based on K) did not affect the production of germination stimulants by red clover while, in contrast, phosphate (NaH2PO4) was highly inhibitory even at concentrations as low as 1 mg l-1 (based on P). Nitrate (NaNO3) markedly promoted stimulant production in a dose-dependent manner from 2 to 50 mg l-1 (based on N). Ammonium [(NH4)2SO4] had no effect at 2 mg l-1 (based on N) but was inhibitory at higher concentrations. Ammonium is known to be a seed germination inhibitor of root parasites, indicating that ammonium has a dual inhibitory action. Urea had no effect at 2 mg l-1 (based on N) but was promotive at higher concentrations. These results provide a basis for the inhibitory effects of nitrogen fertilizer on infection by root parasitic weeds, broomrapes and witchweeds, and explain why these parasites prevail in areas where there is lower phosphorus availability in soils.

References

Nov 24, 1999·Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry·S C Wigchert, B Zwanenburg
Mar 12, 2004·Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology·K. G. Raghothama

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Citations

Jul 25, 2009·Mycorrhiza·J M García-GarridoHorst Vierheilig
Jul 28, 2007·Phytochemistry·Yukihiro Sugimoto, Tomoki Ueyama
Apr 10, 2007·Trends in Plant Science·Harro J BouwmeesterGuillaume Bécard
Dec 31, 2008·Pest Management Science·Juan A López-RáezHarro Bouwmeester
Mar 19, 2008·The New Phytologist·Juan Antonio López-RáezHarro Bouwmeester
Jan 27, 2015·Annual Review of Plant Biology·Salim Al-Babili, Harro J Bouwmeester
Mar 23, 2011·Plant Science : an International Journal of Experimental Plant Biology·Catarina CardosoHarro J Bouwmeester
Oct 3, 2007·Molecules : a Journal of Synthetic Chemistry and Natural Product Chemistry·Siegrid SteinkellnerHorst Vierheilig
May 23, 2006·Current Opinion in Plant Biology·Uta Paszkowski
Apr 1, 2006·Annals of Botany·Kohki Akiyama, Hideo Hayashi
May 16, 2019·Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology·Kaori Yoneyama

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