Production of mycotoxins by Penicillium expansum inoculated into apples

Journal of Food Protection
Mitsuru Watanabe

Abstract

We investigated the production of mycotoxins in apple fruits inoculated with spores of 40 strains of apple blue mold, Penicillium expansum. Patulin and citrinin contents in the extracts from apples stored at 25 degrees C for 12 days after inoculation were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis with UV and fluorescence detection. Patulin and citrinin were produced by 90% (36) and 80% (32) of the 40 strains, indicating that P. expansum is a consistent producer of these mycotoxins. The patulin content in the extracts was substantially higher than the citrinin content. Other mycotoxins whose production in pure culture has been reported were simultaneously detected with high-resolution liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis with the positive ion mode of electrospray ionization. Along with patulin and citrinin, expansolides A and B were identified based on the HPLC and LC-MS spectral data and detected in 88% (35) of the extracts. The results indicate that P. expansum is a consistent producer of expansolides A and B in rotten areas of apple fruits. The findings raise the possibility that products from decayed apples might contain expansolides A and B in addition to patulin and citrinin.

References

Dec 1, 1977·Food and Cosmetics Toxicology·G A Sansing
Aug 1, 1983·Food and Chemical Toxicology : an International Journal Published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association·C HanikaJ Tuite
Jul 1, 1993·International Journal of Food Microbiology·I ViñasV Sanchis
Sep 1, 1996·Letters in Applied Microbiology·N F Abo-DahabA A Razak
Apr 21, 1999·Food Additives and Contaminants·T O LarsenT Skaaning
Apr 12, 2001·Letters in Applied Microbiology·L AbrunhosaA Venâncio
Jun 4, 2002·Food Additives and Contaminants·M L MartinsF Bernardo
Aug 30, 2002·Journal of Chromatography. a·Thomas Rundberget, Alistair L Wilkins
Mar 1, 1961·British Journal of Cancer·F DICKENS, H E JONES
Dec 31, 2003·International Journal of Food Microbiology·Thomas RundbergetArne Flåøyen
Mar 18, 2005·Journal of Food Protection·Mitsuru Watanabe, Hisashi Shimizu

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Apr 1, 2017·Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition·Joanna TannousOlivier Puel
Jul 24, 2018·Shokuhin eiseigaku zasshi. Journal of the Food Hygienic Society of Japan·Satoshi HattoriKazuya Suenaga

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Trending Feeds

COVID-19

Coronaviruses encompass a large family of viruses that cause the common cold as well as more serious diseases, such as the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; formally known as 2019-nCoV). Coronaviruses can spread from animals to humans; symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties; in more severe cases, infection can lead to death. This feed covers recent research on COVID-19.

Blastomycosis

Blastomycosis fungal infections spread through inhaling Blastomyces dermatitidis spores. Discover the latest research on blastomycosis fungal infections here.

Nuclear Pore Complex in ALS/FTD

Alterations in nucleocytoplasmic transport, controlled by the nuclear pore complex, may be involved in the pathomechanism underlying multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Here is the latest research on the nuclear pore complex in ALS and FTD.

Applications of Molecular Barcoding

The concept of molecular barcoding is that each original DNA or RNA molecule is attached to a unique sequence barcode. Sequence reads having different barcodes represent different original molecules, while sequence reads having the same barcode are results of PCR duplication from one original molecule. Discover the latest research on molecular barcoding here.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a disease characterized by unexplained disabling fatigue; the pathology of which is incompletely understood. Discover the latest research on chronic fatigue syndrome here.

Evolution of Pluripotency

Pluripotency refers to the ability of a cell to develop into three primary germ cell layers of the embryo. This feed focuses on the mechanisms that underlie the evolution of pluripotency. Here is the latest research.

Position Effect Variegation

Position Effect Variagation occurs when a gene is inactivated due to its positioning near heterochromatic regions within a chromosome. Discover the latest research on Position Effect Variagation here.

STING Receptor Agonists

Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) are a group of transmembrane proteins that are involved in the induction of type I interferon that is important in the innate immune response. The stimulation of STING has been an active area of research in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Here is the latest research on STING receptor agonists.

Microbicide

Microbicides are products that can be applied to vaginal or rectal mucosal surfaces with the goal of preventing, or at least significantly reducing, the transmission of sexually transmitted infections. Here is the latest research on microbicides.