Production of nitric oxide by carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) kidney leukocytes is regulated by cyclic 3',5'-adenosine monophosphate

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. Part A, Molecular & Integrative Physiology
Constanze PietschWerner Kloas

Abstract

The inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) plays a central role in the inflammatory reactions that follow infection or tissue damage. Induction of nitric oxide (NO) synthesis by bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) depends on activation of G protein-coupled receptors in mammals. Thus, it was our intention to evaluate whether similar mechanisms are involved in iNOS activation in fish leukocytes. Therefore, the participation of membrane-bound receptors which activate effectors via G proteins has been confirmed using the G protein inhibitor suramin. Furthermore, the NO produced by iNOS performs both beneficial and detrimental actions. It is thus conceivable that regulatory mechanisms exist which control the timing and intensity of NO production by iNOS in order to outweigh protective effects against detrimental ones. The second messenger cAMP produced by adenylyl cyclases (ACs) plays a key role in the regulation of many cellular functions. Since cAMP signaling inhibits numerous immunological reactions, studies have been carried out to determine whether cAMP-dependent pathways could inhibit NO production by carp leukocytes as well. To measure cellular responses such as NO production by carp leukocytes derived from head and trunk kidn...Continue Reading

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Citations

Mar 19, 2011·Developmental and Comparative Immunology·Aja M Rieger, Daniel R Barreda
Oct 23, 2015·BioMed Research International·Constanze PietschPatricia Burkhardt-Holm
Apr 11, 2012·Trends in Immunology·Paul A BeavisMark J Smyth
Mar 22, 2014·Food and Chemical Toxicology : an International Journal Published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association·Constanze PietschPatricia Burkhardt-Holm

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