Profiling Redox and Energy Coenzymes in Whole Blood, Tissue and Cells Using NMR Spectroscopy

Metabolites
G A Nagana Gowda

Abstract

Coenzymes of cellular redox reactions and cellular energy, as well as antioxidants mediate biochemical reactions fundamental to the functioning of all living cells. Conventional analysis methods lack the opportunity to evaluate these important redox and energy coenzymes and antioxidants in a single step. Major coenzymes include redox coenzymes: NAD⁺ (oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide), NADH (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide), NADP⁺ (oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) and NADPH (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate); energy coenzymes: ATP (adenosine triphosphate), ADP (adenosine diphosphate) and AMP (adenosine monophosphate); and antioxidants: GSSG (oxidized glutathione) and GSH (reduced glutathione). We show here that a simple ¹H NMR experiment can measure these coenzymes and antioxidants in tissue and whole blood apart from a vast pool of other metabolites. In addition, focused on the goal of identification of coenzymes in subcellular fractions, we demonstrate analysis of coenzymes in the cytoplasm using breast cancer cells. Owing to their unstable nature, or low concentrations, most of the coenzymes either evade detection or lose their integrity when established sample prepa...Continue Reading

References

Sep 13, 2008·Expert Review of Molecular Diagnostics·G A Nagana GowdaDaniel Raftery
Feb 13, 2009·Science Signaling·Friedrich Koch-NolteMathias Ziegler
Oct 20, 2011·ACS Chemical Biology·Steven HalouskaRobert Powers
Sep 29, 2012·Nature Reviews. Cancer·Alberto ChiarugiMathias Ziegler
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Jun 14, 2013·Neurochemical Research·Paul C Engel
Jan 1, 2013·Computational and Structural Biotechnology Journal·Samuel Aj Trammell, Charles Brenner
May 7, 2014·Analytical Chemistry·G A Nagana Gowda, Daniel Raftery
Aug 21, 2014·Analytical Chemistry·Chaevien S ClendinenArthur S Edison
Nov 7, 2014·Analytical Chemistry·Cynthia K LariveMeredith M Dinges
Dec 9, 2014·Analytical Chemistry·G A Nagana GowdaDaniel Raftery
Oct 20, 2015·Journal of Magnetic Resonance·G A Nagana Gowda, Daniel Raftery
Nov 7, 2016·Pharmacological Research : the Official Journal of the Italian Pharmacological Society·Barry E KennedyShashi A Gujar
Jan 21, 2017·Analytical Chemistry·G A Nagana Gowda, Daniel Raftery

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Citations

Nov 13, 2020·Analytical Chemistry·Arthur S EdisonSicong Zhang
Aug 28, 2021·Molecules : a Journal of Synthetic Chemistry and Natural Product Chemistry·Ana S MartinsAna M Gil

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
NMR
Transgenic
Knockout
gene knockout

Software Mentioned

MS

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