PMID: 7529427Jan 1, 1994Paper

Prognosis in bladder cancer. A study of cytometric, morphometric and immunohistochemical techniques

Scandinavian Journal of Urology and Nephrology. Supplementum
J Vasko

Abstract

Bladder cancer affects about 2,000 people in Sweden every year. For adequate treatment, prognostic information is essential. Most of the prognostic factors applied to date still lack satisfactory predictive value. This investigation was conducted on 230 bladder tumours with a known prognosis in order to improve prognostication methods. A new modified technique for the measurement of the DNA content in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded bladder tumour tissue was developed, by introducing a new enzyme and density gradient centrifugation before performing flow cytometry. The results were comparable with those obtained by analysing fresh or frozen tissue. DNA ploidy was found to correlate positively to stage, histological grade and progression. A methenamine-silver staining technique, which facilitates the identification of mitoses, was developed and applied for determining mitotic frequency and density. The results proved to yield prognostic markers superior to subjective grading. Intermediate grade tumours could be separated into two prognostically highly different groups. Reduced PCNA antigenicity in archival, formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded bladder tumour tissue was observed. Antigen expression could be retrieved by heating the...Continue Reading

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