Abstract
Prognostic significance of macroscopic appearance of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) has not yet been studied. This study aimed to define the prognostic significance of macroscopic appearance and to propose a prognostic model for post-operative metastasis in ccRCC. A total of 1,025 patients with ccRCC were analyzed for the development dataset. A separate cohort of 399 such patients was used as an external validation dataset. Macroscopic appearances were initially divided into four groups, but were later divided into two groups: a simple nodular group (700 cases, 68.3%) and an irregular outline group (325 cases, 32.7%). During the 66.1-month mean follow-up period, 98 patients (9.6%) developed metastasis. Univariate analysis revealed that metastasis was associated with older age, radical nephrectomy, larger tumor size, higher tumor grade and stage, and the irregular outline group. On multivariate analysis, age, tumor size, and macroscopic appearance remained as independent prognostic factors. These factors were used to build a prognostic model, which divided into three risk groups. The probabilities of 5-year metastasis-free survival in the low-, intermediate-, and high-risk groups were 98%, 83%, and 53%, respectively. Th...Continue Reading
References
Jul 12, 1991·Cell·K VleminckxF van Roy
Oct 1, 1982·The American Journal of Surgical Pathology·S A FuhrmanC Limas
Dec 29, 2000·Journal of Hepatology·A M HuiM Makuuchi
Sep 28, 2001·American Journal of Surgery·M ShimadaK Sugimachi
Mar 26, 2003·Cancer·Bradley C LeibovichHorst Zincke
May 20, 2003·Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology·Jun InayoshiHitoshi Asakura
Dec 14, 2004·The Journal of Urology·Maximiliano SorbelliniPaul Russo
Feb 3, 2006·International Journal of Cancer. Journal International Du Cancer·Eri AraiSetsuo Hirohashi
Mar 8, 2008·Annals of Surgical Oncology·Shuji SumieMichio Sata
Jun 5, 2008·Cancer·Paul L CrispenEugene D Kwon
Feb 26, 2009·Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention : a Publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, Cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology·Tobias KlatteArie S Belldegrun
May 20, 2009·The Journal of Urology·R Houston ThompsonPaul Russo
Jun 3, 2009·Annals of Internal Medicine·Nancy R Cook, Paul M Ridker
Jul 21, 2009·Urology·Ja Hyeon KuHyeon Hoe Kim
Feb 25, 2010·Annals of Surgical Oncology·Stephen B Edge, Carolyn C Compton
Oct 25, 2011·Scandinavian Journal of Urology and Nephrology·Sascha PahernikMarkus Hohenfellner
May 12, 2012·European Urology·Malek MeskawiPierre I Karakiewicz
Sep 21, 2013·American Journal of Clinical Pathology·Akitoshi FukatsuMomokazu Gotoh
Aug 13, 2015·Medicine·Jian HeBin Zhu
Jan 9, 2016·CA: a Cancer Journal for Clinicians·Rebecca L SiegelAhmedin Jemal