Prognostic Significance of Potential Immune Checkpoint Member HHLA2 in Human Tumors: A Comprehensive Analysis

Frontiers in Immunology
Ben WangYunsheng Ou

Abstract

Immunological checkpoint inhibitors have been immensely successfully applied in the treatment of cancer, however, a portion of tumor patients can't benefit from checkpoint therapy. The low PD-1/CTLA-4 positive rate and involvement of multiple immunosuppressive pathways are thought to be one of the reasons for treatment failure in non-responding patients. A new immune checkpoint molecule, HHLA2, which was widely expressed in PD-1 negative human tumors, may be a promising target for the improvement of recent immune therapy. Yet, the prognostic value and transcriptional regulatory mechanisms of HHLA2 remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the prognostic value and transcriptional regulation mechanism of HHLA2 according to clinical and experimental data from multiple databases, including cBioPortal, TCGA, Cistrome, TIMER, Oncomine, Kaplan-Meier, GeneXplain. It was found that the expression of HHLA2 was significantly elevated in renal tumors, and significantly decreased in colorectal tumors. Pan-cancer survival analysis indicates that HHLA2 was an independent prognostic factor in 9/20 of human cancers. Especially in renal clear cell carcinoma (P = 3.0E-7). Through plotting survival curve in Kaplan-Meier Plotter, it was ...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jun 2, 2020·Frontiers in Immunology·Changgang WangRen Zhao
Sep 19, 2020·Chinese Medical Journal·Hao-Hua ZhuXing-Sheng Hu
Nov 25, 2020·Cancer Immunology Research·Rupal S BhattGordon J Freeman
Apr 4, 2021·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Noora Karim AhangarBehzad Baradaran
Jun 22, 2021·Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology·Geting WuJianhua Zhou

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Datasets Mentioned

BETA
GSE22541
GSE2109

Methods Mentioned

BETA
RNA-Seq
Chip-seq

Software Mentioned

TIMER
miRWalk
MetaScape
GEPIA
TFmapper
geneXplain
miRDB
UCSC Xena browser
cBioPortal
Cistrome browser

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